Genetic Classification of Pyroclastic Ejecta Based on Physical Volcanology of Possible Large Cauldron in Bombay Volcanic Complex, Western Deccan Trap Province, India — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Genetic Classification of Pyroclastic Ejecta Based on Physical Volcanology of Possible Large Cauldron in Bombay Volcanic Complex, Western Deccan Trap Province, India
Many Propositions are made about the mechanism of emplacement of volcanoclastic material in the Bombay volcanic complex. The present paper deals exclusively with the physical features of the deposits laid by a complex tectono-magmatic process by making detailed inventory of the different kind of volcanic ejecta exposed in the Bomay Volcanic Complex (BVC), and an attempt has been made to classify the deposits genetically. A subsidenace which was hinted at earlier, may be a possible cauldron in BVC has been proposed, which might be responsible for producing such a varied and complex lithology.
Krishnan, M.S. (1963) Deccan Trap Volcanism. Bulletin of Volcanology, 26, 387-399. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02597300
Subbarao, K.V. and Sukheswala, R.N. (1981) Deccan Volcanism and Related Basalt Provinces in Other Parts of the World. Mem. Geol. Soc. India, No. 3, Bangalore, 474 p.
Hooper, P.R. (1990) The Theory of Crustal Extension and the Eruption of Continental Flood Basalts. Nature, 345, 246-249. https://doi.org/10.1038/345246a0
Aswathanarayana, U. (1971) Deccan Basalts and Other Flood Basalt Provinces of the World. Bulletin of Volcanology, 35.
West, W.D. (1958) The Source of Deccan Trap Flows. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 1, 22-52.
RajaRao, C.S., Sahsrabuddhey, Y.S., Deshmukh, S.S. and Raman, R. (1978) Distribution Structure and Petrography of Deccan Trap, India. Report, Geol. Surv. India, Pune, 43.
Godbloe, S.M. (1988) Geology of the Bombay Bassein Area, Maharashtra. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Poona, Poona.
Sharma, R.K. (1992) Study of Volcanic Pyroclastic and Related Volcaniclastic Sediments, in Bombay. Thane Area, Maharashtra. Geol. Surv. India, Rec. v. 127, pt. 6, 94-96.
Agashe, L.V. and Gupte, R.B. (1971) Mode of Eruption of the Deccan Trap Basalts. Bulletin of Volcanology, 35, 591-601. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02596830
Beane, J.E., Turner, C.A., Hooper, R.P., Subba Rao, K.V. and Walsh, J.N. (1986) Stratigraphy, Composition and Form of the Deccan Basalts, Western Ghats, India. Bulletin of Volcanology, 48, 61-83. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01073513
Bodas, M.S., Khadri, S.F.R. and Subbarao, K.V. (1988) Geology and Stratigraphy of the Jawhar and Igatpuri Formations, Western Ghats Lava Pile, India. Mem. Geol. Soc. India, No. 10, 235-252.
Cox. K.G. and Hawkesworth, C.J. (1985) Geochemistry of Mahabaleshwar Western Ghts India with Implications of Open System Crystallization Magmatic Process. Journal of Petrology 26, 335-377. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/26.2.355
Bose, M.K. (1980) Alkaline Volcanism in Deccan Volcanic Province. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 21, 313-329.
Krishnamurthy, P., Pande, K., Gopalan, K. and Macdougall, J.D. (1999) Mineralogical and Chemical Studies on Alkaline Basaltic Rocks of Kutch, Gujarat India. In: Deccan Volcanic Province. Mem. Geol. Soc. India, No. 43, 757-783.
Greenough., J.D., Hari, K.R., Chatterjee, A.S. and Santhosh, M. (1998) Mildly Alkaline Basalts from Pawagad Hill, India: Deccan Flood Basalt with an Asthenospheric Origin. Mineralogy and Petrology, 62, 223-245. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01178030
Sheth, H.C. and Pande, K. (2014) Geological and 40Ar/39Ar Age Constraints on Late-Stage Deccan Rhyolitic Volcanism, Inter-Volcanic Sedimentation, and the Panvel Flexure from the Dongri Area, Mumbai. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 84, 167-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.08.003
Ghosh, N.C. (2020) Pyroclastic Rocks of India in Space and Time. Om Publications, New Delhi.
Sheth, H.C. (2018) A Photographic Atlas of Flood Basalt Volcanism. Springer, Berlin, 363 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67705-7
Krishnamurthy, V.S. (1981) Deccan Volcanism Episode Related Tectonism and Geothermal Manifestation. Memoirs—Geological Society of India, 3, 1-7.
Powar, K.B. (1982) The Cambay Triple Junction. Symposium on Indian Lithosphere Structure and Evolution.
Sheth, H.C. (2007) Plume-Related Regional Pre-Volcanic Uplift in the Deccan Traps: Absence of Evidence, Evidence of Absence. In: Fougler, G.R. and Jurdy, D.M., Eds., Plates, Plumes and Planetary Processes, Geological Society of America, Spl. Paper 430, Boulder, 785-813. https://doi.org/10.1130/2007.2430(36)
Deshmukh, S.S. and Sehgal, M.N. (1980) Mafic Dyke Swarm in Deccan Volcanic Province of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. Memoirs—Geological Society of India, 10, 323-340.
Raman, R. (1979) Geology of Parts of Thane District, Maharashtra. Report Geol. Surv. India, Pune.
Clark, G.T. (1869) Remarks upon the Basalt Dykes of the Mainland of India Opposite v the Island of Bomay and Salsette Quart. Journal of the Geological Society of London, 25, 153. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1869.025.01-02.31
Auden, J.B. (1949) Dykes in Western India, Study of Their Relation with Deccan Traps Trans. Nat. Inst. Sci. India, v. 3, 123-157.
Davit Alt, J M Sears, D W Hyndman (1988) Terrestrial Maria: The Origins of Large Basalt Plateau, Hotspot Tracks and Spreading Ridges. The Journal of Geology, 96, 647-662. https://doi.org/10.1086/629268
Peng, Z.X. and Mahoney, J.J. (1995) Drill Hole Lava from Northwestern Deccan Traps, and the Evolution of Reunion Hotspot Mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 134, 169-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(95)00110-X
Sheth, H.C. (2005) From Deccan to Reunion. No Trace of a Mantle Plume. In: Foulger, G.R., Natland, J.B., Presnall, D.C. and Anderson, D.L., Eds., Plates, Plumes and Paradigms, Geological Society of America, Boulder, Spec. Paper 388, 477-501. https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2388-4.477
Chatterjee, S. and Rudra, D.K. (1996) Shiva Impact Event and Its Implications for Deccan Volcanism and Dinosaur Extinction. Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock.
Chatterjee, S., Guven, N., Yoshinobu, A. and Donofrio, R. (2006) Shiva Structure: A Possible KT Boundary Impact Crater on the Western Shelf of India. Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.142638
Sykes, W.H. (1833) On a Portion of Dukhun, East Indies. Transactions of the Geological Society of London Series 2, 4, 409-432. https://doi.org/10.1144/transgslb.4.2.409
Krishnamurthy, P. (2020) The Deccan Volcanic Province (DVP), India: A Review. Part 1. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 96, 9-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-020-1501-5
Krishnamurthy, P. (2020) The Deccan Volcanic Province (DVP), India: A Review. Part 2. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 96, 111-147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-020-1521-1
Kale, V.S. and Pande, K. (2022) Reappraisal of Duration and Eruptive Rates in Deccan Volcanic Province, India. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 98, 7-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-022-1921-5
Verma, O. and Khosla, A. (2019) Developments in the Stratigraphy of the Deccan Volcanic Province, Peninsular India. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 351, 461-476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2019.10.002
Keller, G., Punekar, J. and Mateo, P. (2016) Upheavals during the Late Mastrichtian: Volcanism, Climate and Faunal Events Preceding the End-Cretaceous Mass Extinction. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 441, 137-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.06.034
Jain, A.K., Banerjee, D.M. and Kale, V.S. (2020) Tectonics of Indian Subcontinent. Springer, Berlin, 576 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42845-7
Godbole, S.M., Rana, R.S. and Natu, S.R. (1996) Report Lava Stratigraphy of Basalt Flows of Western Maaharashtra. Gondwana Geological Magazine, 2, 125-135.
Colin, D. and Lightfoot, P.C. (1986) Volcanological and Tectonic Control of Stratigraphy and Structure in the Western Deccan Traps. Bulletin of Volcanology, 48, 195-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01087674
Duncan, R.A. and Pyle, D.G. (1988) Rapid Extrusion of the Deccan Flood Basalts at KT Boundary. Nature, 333, 841-843. https://doi.org/10.1038/333841a0
Hooper, P.R. (1994) Source of Continental Flood Basalt, the Lithospheric Component. In: SubbaRao, K.V., Ed., Volcanism, Wiley Eastern Limited, 29-53.
Hooper, P., Widdowson, M. and Kelley, S. (2010) Tectonic Setting and Timing of the Final Deccan Flood Basalt Eruptions. Geology, 38, 839-842. https://doi.org/10.1130/G31072.1
Sheth, H.C., Pande, K. and Bhutani, R. (2001) 40Ar/39Ar Ages of Bombay Trachytes; Evidence for a Palaeocene Phase of Deccan Volcanism. Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 3513-3516. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL012921
Godbole, S.M. and Joshi, Y.C. (1977) Geology of Parts of Thane District, Maharashtra. Report, GSI.
Ghodke, S.S., Godbole, S.M., et al. (1984) Stratigraphic Succession and Correlation of Basalt Flows in Western Maharashtra. Proceedings Indian Geological Congress, Bombay.
Godbole, S.M. and Ray, B. (1996) Intrusive Rocks of Coastal Maharashtra. Gondwana Geological Magazine, 2, 233-250.
Schmid, R. (1981) Descriptive Nomenclature and Classification of Pyroclastic Deposits and Fragments. Recommendations of IUGS Sub Commission on the Systematic of Igneous Rocks. Geology, 9, 41-43. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1981)9 2.0.CO;2
Fisher, R.V. (1966) Rocks Composed of Volcanic Fragments and Their Classification. Earth-Science Reviews, 1, 287-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(66)90010-9
Wright, J.V. and Mutti, E. (1981) The Dali Ash, Island of Rhodes, Greece: A Problem in Interpreting Submarine Volcanogenic Sediments. Bulletin Volcanologique, 44, 153-167. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02597701
Perret, F.A. (1937) The Eruption of Mount Pele 1929-1932. Carnegie Institute, Troy, Wash. Publ. 458, 1-126.
Sharma, R.K. (2000) Geology of the Pyroclastic Rocks and Associated Basalts along the West Coast District Thane Maharashtra. PhD Thesis, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur.
Sharma, R.K. (2020) An Atlas of Field and Microscopic Features of Basic and Felsic Volcanic Ejecta in Mumbai Volcanic Complex, along West Coast, District Thane, Maharashtra, India. Journal of Applied Geochemistry, 22, 353-368.
Sharma, R.K. (2022) Salient Depositional Structures from Bombay Volcanic Complex Western Deccan Volcanic Province, Deccan Flood Basalts, India. B.P. International, Hong Kong. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-5547-635-7
Sharma, R.K. (2018) Geology Geochemistry and Alteration Characteristics of Bombay Volcanic Complex, Deccan Traps of West Coast, India. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 6, 350-376.
Sharma, R.K. and Pandit, M.K. (1998) The Ignimbrite Deposits of Juchundra, Sasunavghar Area Maharashtra. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 51, 813-815.
Fisher, R.V. (1964) Maximum Size, Median Diameter and Sorting of Tephra. Journal of Geophysical Research, 69, 341-355. https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ069i002p00341
Lacroix, A. (1930) Ramerques sur les materiaux de projection des volcans et sur la genese des roches pyroclastiques gu’ils constituent. Soc. Geol. Inst., Uppsala, 26, 27-52.
Escher, B.G. (1933) On a Classification of Central Eruptions According to Gas Pressure of the Magma and Viscosity of the Lava. Leidsche Geol. Hededel., 6, 45-49.
Fenner, C.N. (1937) Tuffs and Other Volcanic Deposits of Katmai and Yellowstone Park. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 18, 236-239. https://doi.org/10.1029/TR018i001p00236
Van Bemmelen, R.W. (1949) The Geology of Indonesia and Adjacent Archipelagoes. Govt. Printing Office, The Hague, 732 p.
Macgregor, A.G. (1952) Eruptive Mechanisms: Mt. Pelée, the Soufrière of St. Vincent and the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes. Bulletin Volcanologique, 12, 49-74. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02596014
Aramaki, S. (1957) The 1783 Activity of Asama Volcano Part-1. Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography, 27, 189-229.
Murai, I. (1961) A Study of Textural Characteristics of Pyroclastic Flow Deposits in Japan. Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 39, 133-248.
Wright, J.V., Smith, A.L. and Self, S. (1980) A Working Terminology of Pyroclastic Deposits. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 8, 315-336.
Smith, A.L. and Roobal, M.J. (1982) Andisite Pyroclastic Flows. In: Thorpe, R.S., Ed., Andesites, John Willey and Sons, New York, 415-433.
Cas, R.A.F. and Wright, J.V. (1987) Volcanic Succession Modern and Ancient. Springer, Berlin, 528 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3167-1
Sukheswala, R.N. and Poldervaart, A. (1958) Deccan Basalts of the Bombay Area. GSA Bulletin, 69, 1475-1494. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1958)69[1473:DBOTBA]2.0.CO;2
Ghose, N.C. (1976) Composition and Origin of Deccan Basalt. Lithos, 9, 65-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(76)90057-8
Kailasam, L.N., Murthy, B.G.K. and Chayanulu, A.Y.S.R. (1972) Regional Gravity Studies of the Deccan Trap Areas of Penninsular India. Current Science, 41, 403-407.
Biswas, S.K. (1988) Structure of the Western Continental Margin of India and Related Igneous Activity. Mem. Geol. Soc. India, No. 10, 371-390.
Auden, J.B. (1975) Seismicity Associated with the Koyans Reserviour, Maharashtra. UNSECO, Paris, Technical Report RP/1975/76/2.222.3.
Takin, M. (1966) An Interpretation of Positive Gravity Anomaly over Bombay on the West Coast of India. Geophysics Journal International, 11, 527-537. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1966.tb03164.x
Qureshi, M.N. (1981) Gravity Anomalies, Isostasy and Crust Mantle Relations in the DeccanTraps and Contiguous Regions, India. Memoirs—Geological Society of India, 3, 184-197.
Sheth, H.C., Ray, J.R., et al. (2009) Geology and Geochemistry of Pachmarhi Dykes and Sills, Satpura Gondwana Basin, Central India: Problems of Dyke-Sill-Flow Correlations in the Deccan Traps. Contrib. Mineralogy and Petrology, 158, 357-380. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-009-0387-4
Sethna, S.F. and Battiwala, H.K. (1980) Major and Element Geochemistry of Intermediate and Acidic Rocks Associated with the Deccan Trap Basalts. Proceedings 3rd Geological Congress, Poona, 281-294.
Lightfoot, P. and Hawkishworth, C. (1988) Origin of Deccan Trap Lavas; Evidence from Combined Trace Element and Sr-, Nd- and Pb-Isotope Studies. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 91, 89-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(88)90153-7
Mc Clintock, M., White, J.D.L., Houghton, B.F. and Skilling I.P. (2008) Physical Volcanology of a Crater Complex Formed during the Initial Stage of Karoo Flood Basalt Volcanism, Sterkspruit, Eastern Cape South Africa. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 172, 93-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.11.012
Raja Rao, C.S. (1974) Probable Source Area for the Deccan Basalts. Proc. Symp. on Deccan Basalts and Bauxite. Geol. Surv. India, Spec. Publ., No. 14, 25-28.
Sethna, S.F. (1981) Geology around Bombay Some Intriguing Problems. Memoirs—Geological Society of India, 3, 876-892.
Kaila, K.L., Murthy, P.R.K., Rao, V.K. and Kharetchko, G.E. (1981) Crustal Structure from Deep Seismic Soundings along Koyana II Kelsi-Loni Profile in Deccan Trap Area, India. Tectonophysics, 73, 365-384. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(81)90223-7
Sheth, H.C. (2005) Were the Deccan Basalts Derived in Part from the Ancient Oceanic Crust within the Indian Continental Lithosphere Mantle Source. Gondwana Research, 8, 109-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1342-937X(05)71112-6
White, R.S. and McKenzie, D.P. (1995) Mantle Plume and Flood Basalts. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 17543-17586. https://doi.org/10.1029/95JB01585
Sheth, H.C. (1998) A Reappraisal of the Coastal Panvel Flexure, Deccan Traps, as a Listric-Fault-Controlled Reverse Drag Structure. Tectonophysics, 294, 143-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(98)00148-6
Mahoney, J.J. and Coffin, M.F. (1997) Large Igneous Provinces: Continental, Oceanic and Planetary Flood Volcanism. American Geophysical Union, Washington DC, Geophysical Monograph, No. 100, 438 p. https://doi.org/10.1029/GM100
Ross, P.S., et al. (2005) Mafic Volcaniclastic Deposits in Flood Basalt Province: A Review. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 145, 281-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.02.003
Self, S., Thodarson, T. and Keszthelyi, L. (1997) Emplacement of Continental Basalt Lava Flows. In: Mahoney, J.J. and Coffin, M.F., Eds., Large Igneous Provinces: Continental, Oceanic and Planetary Flood Volcanism, American Geophysical Union, Washington DC, 381-410. https://doi.org/10.1029/GM100p0381
Chevallier, L. and Woodford (1999) Morpho-Tectonics and Mechanism of Emplacement of the Dolerite Rings and Sills of Western Karoo, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology, 102, 43-54.