In this study, the adsorption of Cerium from synthetic solution containing cerium oxide is investigated using activated carbon developed from rice straw that is activated by H 3 PO 4 . SEM and FTIR techniques are used to examine structural and morphological characteristics of rice straw and activated carbon. The optimum conditions obtained with the highest adsorption include contact time = 500 minutes, pH = 4, temperature = 35 ° C, cerium concentration = 300 ppm, and adsorbent dosage = 0.02 gr. The highest adsorption of Cerium is determined by 4.13 mg/g. Adsorption kinetics of cerium and equilibrium behavior is studied. It indicates that the adsorption process obeys Pseudo-first-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. The results of this study show that the activated carbon developed from rice straw activated by H 3 PO 4 is a relatively effective adsorbent for the adsorption of cerium from aqueous solution.
Franken, K.M. (1995) A Roast-Leach Process for Extraction of Rare Earth from Complex Monazite-Xenotime Concentrates. Separation Science and Technology, 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496399508010386
Gschneidner Karl, A. (1964) Rare Earth: The Fraternal Fifteen, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Division of Techical Information .
Radhika, S., Nagaphani Kumar, B., Lakshmi Kantam, M. and Ramachandra Reddy, B. (2011) Solvent Extraction and Separation of Rare Earths from Phosphoric Acid Solution with TOPS 99. Hydrometallurgy, 110, 50-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2011.08.004
Fontana, D. and Pietrelli, L. (2009) Separation of Middle Rare Earths by Solvent Extraction Using 2-Ethylhexyl-phosphonic Acid Mono-2-Ethylhexyl Ester as an Extractant. Journal of Rare Earths, 27, 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0721(08)60344-0
Maleki, A. and Zarasvand, M.A. (2008) Heavy Metals in Selected Edible Vegetables and Estimation of Their Daily Intake in Sanandaj, Iran. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 39, 335-340.
Quintelas, C., Fonseca, B., Silva, B., Figueiredo, H. and Tavares, T. (2009) Treatment of Chromium(VI) Solutions in a Pilot-Scale Bioreactor through a Biofilm of Arthrobacter viscosus Supported on GAC. Bioresource Technology, 100, 220-226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.05.010
Sud, D., Mahajan, G. and Kaur, M.P. (2008) Agricultural Waste Mineral as Potential Adsorbent for Sequestering Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueos Solutions: A Review. Bioresource Technology, 99, 6017-6027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.064
Dias, J.M. and Alvim-Ferraz, M.C.M. (2007) Waste Materials for Activated Carbon Preparation and Its Use in Aqueous-Phase Treatment: A Review. Journal of Environmental Management, 85, 833-846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.07.031
Nunes, A.A. and Franca, A.S. (2009) Activated Carbons from Waste Biomass : An Alternativeuse for Biodiesel Production Solid Residues. Bioresource Technology, 100, 1786-1792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.09.032
Ahmadpour, A. and Do, D.D. (1997) The Prepration of Activated Carbon from Macadamia Nutshell by Chemical Activation. Carbon, 35, 1723-1732.
Aoyama, M., Tsuda, M., Cho, N.-S. and Doi, S. (2000) Adsorption of Triralent Chromium from Dilute Solution by Conifer Leaves. Wood Science and Technology, 34, 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002260050008
Fiol, N., Villaescusa, I., Martinez, M., Miralles, N., Poch, J. and Serarols, J. (2006) Sorption of Pb(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II) from Aqueous Solution by Olive Stone Waste. Separation and Purification Technology, 50, 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2005.11.016
Panda, G.C., Dasa, S.K., Chatterjee, S., Maity, P.B., Bandopadhyay, T.S. and Guha, A.K. (2006) Adsorption of Cadmium on Husk of Lathyrussativus: Physicochemical Study. Colloids and Surfaces B, 50, 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2006.03.022
Tangaromsuk, J., Pokethitiyook, P., Kruatrachue, M. and Upatham, E.S. (2002) Cadmium Biosorption by Sphingomonas paucimobilis Biomass. Bioresource Technology, 85, 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(02)00066-4
Gadd, G.M., White, C. and De Rome, L. (1998) Heavy Metal and Radio Nucleotide Uptake by Fungi and Yeasts. In: Norri, R. and Kelly, D.P., Eds., Biohydrometallurgy, Network, Pudvan Publisher.
Monzure Khoda, K. (2009) Adsorption Isotherms. Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang.
Hameed, B.H. (2009) Evaluation of Papaya Seeds as a Novel Non-Conventional Low-Cost Adsorbent for Removal of Methylene Blue. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 162, 939-944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.05.120
Doulati Ardejani, F., Badii, K., Youse? Limaee, N., Shafaei, S. and Mirhabibi, A. (2008) Adsorption of Direct Red 80 Dye from Aqueous Solution onto Almond Shells: Effect of pH, Initial Concentration and Shell Type. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 151, 730-737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.06.048
Langmuir, I. (1918) The Adsorption of Gases on Plane Surface of Glass, Mica and Olatinum. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 40, 1361-1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja02242a004
Freundlich, H. (1906) Over the Adsorption in Solution. International Journal of Research in Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, 57, 387-470.
Namasivayam, C. and Sangeetha, D. (2008) Application of Coconut Coir Pith for the Removal of Sulfate and Other Anions from Water. Desalination, 219, 1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.03.008
Nemr, A.E. (2009) Potential of Pomegranate Husk Carbon for Cr(VI) Removal from Wastewater: Kinetic and Isotherm Studies. Journal of hazardous Materials, 161, 132-141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.03.093
Subramanyam, B. and Das, A. (2009) Linearized and Non-Linearized Isotherm Models Comparative Study on Adsorption of Aqueous Phenol Solution in Soil. International Journal Environmental Sciences & Technology, 6, 633-640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03326104
Altin, O., ?zbelge, H.O. and Dogu, T. (1998) Use of General Purpose Adsorption Isotherms for Heavy Metal-Clay Mineral Interactions. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 198, 130-140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1997.5246
Lagergren, S. (1898) About the Theory of So-Called Adsorption of Solid Substance. Handlinger, 24, 1-39.
Temkin, M. and Pyzhev, J.A.V. (1940) Kinetic of Ammonia Synthesis on Promoted Iron Catalysts. Acta Physicochimica, URSS, 12, 217-229.
Shams Khorramabadi, G., Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani, R. and Jorfi, S. (2010) Cd(II) Adsorption Using Waste Sludge from a Municipal Wastewater Treatment System. Journal of Water and Wastewater, 1, 57-62.
Qiu, H., Lv, L., Pan, B.C., Zhang, Q., Zhang, W. and Zhang, Q. (2009) Critical Review in Adsorption Kinetic Models. Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A, 10, 716-724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A0820524
Fan, X., Parker, D.J. and Smith, M.D. (2003) Adsorption Kinetics of fluoride on Low Cost Materials. Water Research, 37, 4929-4937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2003.08.014
Ho, Y. (2006) Review of Second-Order Models for Adsorption Systems. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 136, 681-689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.12.043
Ho, Y.S. and McKay, G. (1998) Sorption of Dye from Aqueous Solution by Peat. Chemical Engineering Journal, 70, 115-124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0923-0467(98)00076-1
Wu, J. and Yu, H.Q. (2007) Biosorption of 2,4-Dichlorophenol by Immobilized White-Rot Fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium from Aqueous Solutions. Bioresource Technology, 98, 253-259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.01.018
Sparks, D.L. (1999) Kinetics and Mechanisms of Chemical Reaction at the Soil Mineral/Water Interface. In: Sparks, D.L., Ed., Soil Physical Chemistry, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 135-191.