New Design for Creating Safe Places to Reduce Earthquake Loss and the Best Way to Rescue and Relief People
- 1 Department of Civil Engineering Earthquake Group, Shakhes Pajouh Search Institute, Isfahan, Iran
- 2 Department of Civil Engineering Earthquake Group, Shakhes Pajouh Search Institute, Isfahan, Iran
- 3 Department of Civil Engineering Earthquake Group, Shakhes Pajouh Search Institute, Isfahan, Iran
Abstract
Immunization and upgrading of structures are for the prevention of physical and financial losses due to earthquake. The importance of structures is not the same regarding the physical and financial losses caused by the earthquake damage, although the responsibility to improve and secure them in terms of providing financing according to the type of ownership is different. The formulation of rules, regulations and necessary letters, the supervision over the various stages of immunization, and the establishment of appropriate facilities are in accordance with the financial and executive capacity of the country, the prioritization and preparation of a major plan for the improvement and securing of government responsibilities. Old buildings in worn-out textures generally have a wall system without vertical and horizontal shafts. The experiences from Boijin Zahra, Tabas, Rudbar and Bam earthquakes indicate that the destruction of such buildings in the time of devastating shakes is definite. The importance of structures is not the same considering the physical and financial losses caused by the earthquake damage. The principal destruction and rehabilitation for prevention of physical and financial losses due to the earthquake in terms of providing financing and according to the type of ownership varies, and this requires a rebuild time and high costs for the employer. Therefore, it is recommended that according to the conditions of the buildings of the country, arrangements and decisions, whether for financial facilities, etc. are considered so that everyone can carry out the executive steps of the safe room according to their existing structures.
- Bommer, J., Spence, R., Tabuchi, S., Aydinoglu, N., Booth, E., del Re, D., Erdik, M, and Peterken, O. (2002) Development of an Earthquake Loss Model for Turkish Catastrophe Insurance. Journal of Seismology, 6, 431-446. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020095711419
- UNDRO (1979) Natural Disasters and Vulnerability Analysis. Report of Expert Group Meeting. Office of United Nations Disaster Relief Co-Ordinator (UNDRO), Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland.
- Stephens, L.H. and Green, S.J. (1979) Disaster Assistance: Appraisal, Reform and New Approaches. New York University Press, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-05169-4
- FEMA (1999) HAZUS Earthquakes Loss Estimation Methodology. US Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington DC.
- Spence, R. (2000) Recent Earthquake Damage in Europe and Its Implications for Loss Estimation Methodologies. In: Implications of Recent Earthquakes for Seismic Risk, Imperial College Press, London, Chapter 7, 77-90. https://doi.org/10.1142/9781848160194_0006
- Lei, Y. (2007) The Planning and Construction of Urban Disaster-Prevention Parks in Japan after the Hanshin Awaji Earthquake. Chinese Lanscape, No. 7, 13-15.
- Chi, Z. and Dai, H. (2011) Research on Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923 and Rescue—Take Shen Bao as Center. Journal of Anhui Normal University (Humanities & Social Sciences), 39, 476-481.
- Lv, Y. and Yan, D. (2004) Preliminary Study of Urban Disaster-Prevention Space System Planning. Journal of Zhengzhou University (Engineering Science), 25, 33-36.
- Wang, J., Ed. (2011) Main Progress and Enlightenment of Foreign Disaster Economics. Journal of Northwest A&F University (Social Science Edition), 11, 111-120.