Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus Infection and Factors Associated in HIV Infected Patients in Yaoundé (Cameroon)
- 1 Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- 2 Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- 3 Pasteur Center of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- 4 Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- 5 Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- 6 Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- 7 Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- 8 Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Abstract
The Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) infection is one of the main causes of acute viral hepatitis. This affection is generally asymptomatic and benign. Its incidence is elevated in sub Saharan Africa. In Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected patients, the HEV can cause chronic hepatitis with risks of cirrhosis and cancer. Assessing the prevalence and risk factors of an HEV infection in people living with HIV can help to prevent the transmission and the onset of their complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of HEV markers and associated factors among HIV infected patients in Yaoundé (Cameroon). Ninety HIV infected patients were included in this study, with 29 men (32.2%) and 61 women (67.8%). The mean age was 46 ± 11.4 years old (21 - 74). The prevalence of HEV serological markers was 6.7% and 12.2% for immunoglobulins (IgG ) and IgM respectively. Both IgG and IgM were positive for 2 patients (2.2%), while 15 patients (16.7%) had at least one immunoglobin positive. The consumption of well water and porcine foods was found to be associated with the presence of IgM HEV antibodies. There was no association between CD4 count, viral load and the presence of HEV serological markers.
- Rein, D.B., Stevens, G.A., Theaker, J., Wittenborn, J.S. and Wiersma, S.T. (2012) The Global Burden of Hepatitis E Virus Genotypes 1 and 2 in 2005. Hepatology, 55, 988-997. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.25505
- Kaba, M., Moal, V., Gérolami, R. and Colson, P. (2013) Epidemiology of Mammalian Hepatitis E Virus Infection. Intervirology, 56, 67-83. https://doi.org/10.1159/000342301
- Modiyinji, A.F., Atsama, M.A., Chavely, G.A., Nola, M. and Njouom, R. (2019) Detection of Hepatitis E Virus Antibodies among Cercopithecidae and Hominidae Monkeys in Cameroon. Journal of Medical Primatology, 48, 364-366. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmp.12430
- Modiyinji, A.F., et al. (2020) Serological and Molecular Investigation of Hepatitis E Virus in Pigs Reservoirs from Cameroon reveals elevated Seroprevalence and Presence of Genotype 3. PLoS ONE, 15, e0229073. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229073
- Modiyinji, A.F., et al. (2019) Epidemiology of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Animals in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol. Systematic Reviews, 8, Article No. 120. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-019-1038-0
- Dalton, H.R., Bendall, R., Ljaz, S. and Banks, M. (2008) Hepatitis E: An Emerging Infection in Developed Countries. Lancet Infection Diseases, 8, 698-709. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(08)70255-X
- Modiyinji, A.F., Amougou-Atsama, M., Monamele, C.G., Nola, M. and Njouom, R. (2019) Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus Antibodies in Different Human Populations of Cameroon. Journal of Medical Virology, 91, 1989-1994. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25545
- Feldt, T., et al. (2013) Hepatitis E Virus Infections in HIV-Infected Patients in Ghana and Cameroon. Journal of Clinical Virology, 58, 18-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2013.05.004
- Kenfak-Foguena, A., et al. (2011) Hepatitis E Virus Seroprevalence and Chronic Infections in Patients with HIV, Switzerland. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 17, 1074-1078. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid/1706.101067
- Amougou Atsama, M., et al. (2017) Hepatitis E Virus Infection as a Promoting factor for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Cameroon: Preliminary Observations. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 64, 4-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2017.08.010
- Bivigou-Mboumba, B., et al. (2017) Hepatitis B, C, and E Infection among HIV-Infected Patients in Franceville, Gabon: Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. Médecine et Santé Tropicales, 27, 274-280.