Overview of Digestive Pathologies in Endoscopy Center at Bogodogo Teaching Hospital (CHU-B) during Two Years 2022-2023

Abstract

Ba ckground : Digestive pathology is rich and diverse in Burkina Faso; however, it is often insufficiently described due to the unavailability of endoscopy rooms in all regions of the country, especially in rural areas, as well as the frequent recourse to self-medication and traditional practitioners. Endoscopic evaluation is, however, considered the gold standard, allowing not only the visualization of lesions but also the performance of biopsies for diagnostic purposes. Objective: To provide an overview of digestive disorders in the Endoscopy Department at CHU Bogodogo from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2023. Methods and Patients: This was a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study with data collection during a period of two years from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2023 in the Endoscopy Department of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bogodogo in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Results: We recorded 936 cases of digestive endoscopy, including 870 cases of upper GI fibroscopy (93% of all endoscopies), 34 cases of colonoscopy (3.6% of all endoscopies), 30 cases of anurectoscopy and 2 cases of rectosigmoidoscopy. The mean age of patients was 45.6 years, with extremes of 4 and 92 years. Females predominated in 53.3% of cases. The sex ratio was 0.9. Housewives accounted for 34.4% of all patients. Epigastralgia and digestive hematemesis were the indications for digestive endoscopy in 40.5% and 8.3% of all endoscopies, respectively. Esophagitis and hiatal hernia were found at upper digestive, respectively, in 54.1% and 29.7% of all endoscopies. Haemorrhoidal disease was encountered at lower digestive, with frequencies of 23 cases (2.5%) respectively. A suspected malignant tumor was found in seven (7) cases (0.8%) after upper endoscopy. Conclusion: Our study provided an overview of upper and lower digestive pathologies diagnosed with the aid of digestive endoscopy and confirmed the variety of these conditions.