Hereditary Immunity and the Origin of Atherosclerosis
- 1 Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Andent, Inc., Jersey City, USA
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
Abstract
This paper tries to present new confirmation for the opinion about the infectious origin of atherosclerosis from the viewpoint of the current knowledge of hereditary immunity. The performed integrative investigation included the reinterpretation of known clinical and epidemiological observations, supported by immunological, molecular ecological, genetic, and genomic discoveries. The revealed body of firstly achieved information is compatible with the concept that infectious agents contribute the clue step to the development of atherosclerosis over its initial stage performed during the triggering of the arterial endothelial wall by the molecular agent of proposed infectious origin.
- Watkins, H. and Farrall, M. (2006) Genetic Susceptibility to Coronary Artery Disease: From Promise to Progress. Nature Reviews Genetics, 7, 163-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrg1805
- Fabricant, C.G. (1984) Herpesvirus-Induced Atherosclerosis. Springer Verlag, New York.
- Hajjar, D.P., Fabricant, C.G., Minick, C.R. and Fabricant, J. (1986) Virus-Induced Atherosclerosis. Herpesvirus Infection Alters Aortic Cholesterol Metabolism and Accumulation. American Journal of Pathology, 122, 62-70.
- Fabricant, C.G. and Fabricant, J. (1999) Atherosclerosis Induced by Infection with Marek’s Disease Herpesvirus in Chickens. American Heart Journal, 138, S465-S468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8703(99)70276-0
- Hsu, C.Y. (1994) Recent Advances in the Development of Therapeutics to Reduce Brain Damage after Stroke. 7th International Conference on Health Problems Related to the Chinese. The Chinese American Medical Society, New York.
- Zhu, J., Quyyumi, A.A., Norman, J.E., Costello, R., Csako, G. and Epstein, S.E. (2000) The Possible Role of Hepatitis A virus in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 182, 1583-1587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/317613
- Cheng, J., Ke, Q., Jin, Z., Wang, H., Kocher, O., Morgan, J.P. and Crumpacker, C.S. (2009) Cytomegalovirus Infection Causes an Increase of Arterial Blood Pressure. PLOS Pathogens, v. 5.
- Darwin, C. (1888) The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex. John Murray, London.
- Rumyantsev, S.N. (2008) Phenomenon of Immune Mosaicism. Hereditary Immunity: Fundamental Principles and Exploitation in Life Study and Health Care. Nova Science Publishers, New York, 81-102.
- Rumyantsev, S.N. (2010) Bioecology of Pleistocenic Spurt in Anthropogenesis. International Journal of Integrative Biology, 10, 14-21.
- Weber, C. and Noels, H. (2011) Atherosclerosis: Current Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Options. Nature Medicine, 17, 1410-1422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm.2538
- Sing, S.F. and Moll, P.P. (1990) Genetics of Atherosclerosis. 171-187.
- Flegal, K.M., Carroll, M.D., Kuczmarski, R.J. and Johnson, C.L. (1998) Overweight and Obesity in the United States: Prevalence and Trends, 1960-1994. International Journal of Obesity, 22, 39-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0800541
- Rumyantsev, S.N. (2003) The Intra-Individual Diversity in Senescence. Biogerontology, 4, 171-178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024137418419