Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients Admitted to Internal Medicine at Donka University Hospital

Abstract

Introduction: The objective of this study was to contribute to a better understanding of high blood pressure (HBP) and other cardiovascular risk factors associated with the internal medicine department of Donka University Hospital. HTA is a public health problem. A cardiovascular risk factor (CVRF) is a factor to which exposure increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease while removing or improving this factor decreases the risk. Materials and methods: This was a prospective descriptive study lasting 6 months from January 1, 2024 to June 31, 2024. Hypertensive patients with at least one cardiovascular risk factor (FDRCV) in addition to hypertension were included. The epidemiological (sociodemographic), clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic variables of the patients were recorded. Results: Out of a total of 456 patients registered, 180 were hypertensive with at least one cardiovascular risk factor, which is 39.4%. The mean age was 63.68 ± 14.98 years with extremes of 30 and 95 years. The female sex predominated in 53.9% with a sex ratio of 0.8. The socio-professional stratum was dominated by housewives in 40.6%. The most common reasons for consultation were headaches (92.8%), ringing in the ears (79.4%) and visual disturbances (62.8%). The toxic lifestyle was dominated by smoking in 18.3%. On the electrocardiogram (ECG), the anomalies encountered were dominated by left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) 38.3% and the sequelae of infarction 28.9%. HTA was associated with 2 FDRCV in 33.88% and 3 FDRCV in 37.22%. Conclusion: The concern raised by HTA and cardiovascular risk factor due not only to their lack of awareness but also to their uncontrolled management requires the implementation of prevention and early detection measures for these factors to reduce morbidity and mortality linked to cardiovascular diseases.