Characteristics, Therapeutic and Evolutionary Data on the Diabetic Foot: About 71 Cases

Abstract

Introduction : The diabetic foot (DF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients, often leading to amputations. Its management requires a collaborative care approach involving diabetologists, infectiologists, vascular surgeons, and other specialists. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic, and evolutionary factors related to hospitalized diabetic foot patients at Abass Ndao Hospital in 2022. Methodology : This cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study included 71 patients hospitalized between January 1 and December 31, 2022, for lower limb lesions, whether infectious or not. Data were collected via the KoboToolbox platform and analyzed using RStudio software. Results : The mean age of patients was 63.7 (±12.3) years with 10.4 years of diabetes duration, predominantly type 2 (97.1%). 74% showed poor dietary compliance and 73% poor medication adherence, with lesions appearing spontaneously in 60.6% of cases, mostly on the soles (32.1%) and toes (25%). The germ most frequently isolated was Klebsiella pneumoniae (25.6%). In the short term, 60.6% of patients had a favorable outcome, while 22.5% died, mainly due to septic shock (68.75%). Sixteen patients (22.5%) required amputation, mainly of the leg (56%). Conclusion : This study underscores the significant challenges of diabetic foot complications in an under-resourced healthcare setting. Despite multidisciplinary management, delays in consultation, non-compliance, and comorbidities contribute to high rates of mortality and amputations. Emphasizing the need for timely interventions, improved access to care, and better patient education are essential to improve patient management.