Thyroid Goiters and Nodules: Epidemiological, Clinical, Paraclinical, and Therapeutic Aspects at the Fellah Polyclinic, Conakry

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, and therapeutic characteristics of thyroid goiters and nodules at the Polyclinic Fellah in Conakry. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective data collection conducted from June 1, 2016, to December 31, 2024. It included all patients being followed for thyroid pathologies at the Polyclinic Fellah in Conakry. Results: Out of a total of 500 patients followed for thyroid pathologies, 450 patients (90%) had thyroid goiters and nodules, with a clear female predominance (sex ratio = 0.16) and an average age of 45.7 ± 15.3 years. Anterior cervical swelling was the main reason for consultation (43.8%), and 61.3% of patients sought consultation within a year of the onset of symptoms. On ultrasound, lesions classified as EU-TIRADS 3 were the most frequent (26.7%). Functionally, 268 patients (60.0%) presented with hyperthyroidism, with Graves’ disease being the predominant etiology (56.7%). Hypothyroidism was confirmed in 27 patients (6.0%), and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis was found in 15 patients (55.6%). Hyperthyroidism was treated with synthetic antithyroid drugs, while hypothyroidism was managed with hormone replacement therapy. Thyroidectomy was indicated in 71 patients, but it was performed in only 21 patients (29.6%), either partially (n = 15) or totally (n = 6). The reasons for thyroidectomy included aesthetic discomfort (n = 8), cervical compression (n = 9), and oncological concerns (n = 3). Follow-up was considered regular in 37% of cases. Conclusion: Thyroid goiters and nodules are common and predominantly affect women. Their management requires a multidisciplinary approach.