Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health Status of Different Age Groups in a Sample Population in Aruba

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 pandemic posed unprecedented challenges to global mental health. This cross-sectional study explored its impact on adults in Aruba, with emphasis on variations across ethnicity, gender, age, and sexual orientation. Methods: Data were collected from 83 participants (≥18 years) recruited during health fairs at Xavier University School of Medicine, Aruba. Standardized instruments (PHQ-9, GAD-7) were administered. Between-group comparisons were analyzed using ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: Significant differences were observed by ethnicity (p = 0.008), with Dutch participants reporting a mean composite score of 4.05 ± 3.91, compared to Hispanic/Latin Americans (6.39 ± 5.72) and Arubans (3.90 ± 5.25). Women reported more fatigue and anxiety symptoms than men (p < 0.05). Age differences were significant for discomfort thinking about COVID-19 (p = 0.037), with the 30 - 39 group most affected (mean 5.84 ± 5.68). Differences were also found by sexual orientation (p = 0.021 - 0.005), with same-sex attracted participants reporting higher burden (mean 9.20 ± 6.76). Conclusions: COVID-19 pandemic had unequal mental health impacts across demographic groups in Aruba. Ethnic disparities were particularly pronounced, underscoring the need for culturally sensitive interventions.