Factors Associated to the Acute Metabolic Decompensation of Diabetes in Lome

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to define basic factors of the acute metabolic decompensations of diabetes mellitus at the medical emergency units at the CHU-SO of Lomé. The question is about a prospective study carried on along 12 months from 1 st January, to December 31, 2013. It implicated 83 diabetes patients known or unknown admitted at the casualty department for an acute metabolic complication. In total the frequency of acute metabolic complications of diabetes mellitus that have been essentially done through the ketoacidosis model (73.49%) and hypoglycaemic (26.5%) is of 23.38%. Majority of diabetes patients were of type 2 (68.66%) and aged 50 and over with a sex-ratio of 0.76. The ketoacidosis revealed the disease in 43.37% cases. The main factors of ketoacidosis decompensations were infections, treatment termination and myocarditis ischaemia. Hypoglycemia decompensation factors were due to the absence or deficiency of food, the overdosage. Metabolic complications of diabetes then remain frequent. Infection and treatment termination are the major factors of ketoacidosis decompensation whereas those of the absence or deficiency of food are that of hypoglycemia. The prevention is compulsory through early screening of the disease and high treatment awareness of diabetes patients.