Key Impacts of Leader Behavior and Trust-In Leader on Person-Organization Fit and Expatriate Teacher’s Job Performance in International Private Schools, Cambodia — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Key Impacts of Leader Behavior and Trust-In Leader on Person-Organization Fit and Expatriate Teacher’s Job Performance in International Private Schools, Cambodia
Deputy of Police Commissariats in Ministry of Interior, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
,
Post-Graduate School, Asia Euro University, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
,
Deputy General Secretary in Ministry of National Defense, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
,
Research Office, Royal University of Phnom Penh, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
1 Deputy of Police Commissariats in Ministry of Interior, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
2 Post-Graduate School, Asia Euro University, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
3 Deputy General Secretary in Ministry of National Defense, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
4 Research Office, Royal University of Phnom Penh, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
This study explores the significant influence of leader behavior and trust in leaders on person-organization fit and expatriate job performance within Cambodia’s international private general education sectors. In an environment characterized by rapid changes and challenges, effective leadership can significantly impact employee outcomes. We conducted a self-administered survey of 285 expatriate teachers working in 28 international private education sectors, inviting 5 - 7 expatriate teachers from each school to participate in a primary Google form survey. The research findings of SEM indicate that leaders foster a strong sense of trust among employees, leading to enhanced person-organization fit. This alignment between individual values and organizational culture not only boosts employee morale but also enhances the overall expatriate teacher’s job performance. Furthermore, the results reveal that person-organization fit acts as a critical mediator, magnifying the positive effects of leader behavior and trust in leaders on expatriate teacher’s job performance metrics. The insights from this research advocate for the development of training programs focused on enhancing leader behaviors and building trust, thereby promoting better alignment between employees and their organizations. This study underscores the importance of leadership dynamics in optimizing employee performance in public health contexts, providing valuable implications for policymakers and organizational leaders aiming to improve teaching service delivery in Cambodia.
KeywordsLeader BehaviorLeaders Trust in LeaderPerson-Organization FitJob PerformanceSocial Exchange TheoryExpatriatePsychological Withdrawal States Theory Cambodia
Abu Nasra, M., & Arar, K. (2020). Leadership Style and Teacher Performance: Mediating Role of Occupational Perception. International Journal of Educational Management, 34, 186-202. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijem-04-2019-0146
Akanji, B., Mordi, C., Ituma, A., Adisa, T. A., & Ajonbadi, H. (2020). The Influence of Organisational Culture on Leadership Style in Higher Education Institutions. Personnel Review, 49, 709-732. https://doi.org/10.1108/pr-08-2018-0280
Alcover, C., Rico, R., Turnley, W. H., & Bolino, M. C. (2017). Understanding the Changing Nature of Psychological Contracts in 21st Century Organizations: A Multiple-Foci Exchange Relationships Approach and Proposed Framework. Organizational Psychology Review, 7, 4-35. https://doi.org/10.1177/2041386616628333
Allen, P., Bennett, K., & Heritage, B. (2023). SPSS Statistics: A Practical Guide (5th ed.). Cengage Learning
Alonderiene, R., & Majauskaite, M. (2016). Leadership Style and Job Satisfaction in Higher Education Institutions. International Journal of Educational Management, 30, 140-164. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijem-08-2014-0106
Altunoğlu, A. E., Şahin, F., & Babacan, S. (2019). Transformational Leadership, Trust, and Follower Outcomes: A Moderated Mediation Model. Management Research Review, 42, 370-390. https://doi.org/10.1108/mrr-01-2018-0036
Azeez, F., & Aboobaker, N. (2024). Echoes of Dysfunction: A Thematic Exploration of Toxic Leadership in Higher Education. Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, 16, 439-456. https://doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-03-2024-0888
Badawy, R. L., Gazdag, B. A., Brouer, R. L., & Treadway, D. C. (2019). The Role of Leader Relationship Quality in the Development of Employee Fit Perceptions. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 49, 86-98. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12567
Barnett, D. E. (2019). Full-range Leadership as a Predictor of Extra Effort in Online Higher Education: The Mediating Effect of Job Satisfaction. Journal of Leadership Education, 18, 86-101. https://doi.org/10.12806/v18/i1/r6
Bass, B. M. (1990). From Transactional to Transformational Leadership: Learning to Share the Vision. Organizational Dynamics, 18, 19-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(90)90061-s
Bateh, J., & Heyliger, W. (2014). Academic Administrator Leadership Styles and the Impact on Faculty Job Satisfaction. Journal of Leadership Education, 13, 31-49. https://doi.org/10.12806/v13/i3/r3
Bennell, P., & Akyeampong, K. (2007). Teacher Motivation in Sub -Saharan Africa and south Asia (Vol. 71). DFID.
Black, J. S., & Gregersen, H. B. (1991). Antecedents to Cross-Cultural Adjustment for Expatriates in Pacific Rim Assignments. Human Relations, 44, 497-515. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872679104400505
Blau, P. (2017). Exchange and Power in Social Life . Routledge.
Blau, P. M. (1964). Justice in Social Exchange. Sociological Inquiry, 34, 193-206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682x.1964.tb00583.x
Bluman, A. (2023). Elementary Statistics: A Step by Step Approach (11th ed.). McGraw Hill.
Boon, C., & Biron, M. (2016). Temporal Issues in Person-Organization Fit, Person-Job Fit and Turnover: The Role of Leader-Member Exchange. Human Relations, 69, 2177-2200. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726716636945
Bowerman, B. L., Hummel, R. M., Drougas, A. M., Moninger, K. B., Duckworth, W. M., Schur, P. J., & Froelich, A. G. (2019). Business Statistics and Analytics in Practice (9th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Carvalho, A., Alves, H., & Leitão, J. (2022). What Research Tells Us about Leadership Styles, Digital Transformation and Performance in State Higher Education? International Journal of Educational Management, 36, 218-232. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijem-11-2020-0514
Chanveasna, U., Chanthuch, T., Veasna, S., & Sovannara, K. (2024). The Effects of Social Support and Cultural Intelligence on Expatriate Adjustment and Performance. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 12, 299-327. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2024.126016
Chanveasna, U., Veasna, S., & Sovannara, K. (2024). The Antecedents of Career Development Competency in Smes, Cambodia. Open Journal of Business and Management, 12, 1347-1376. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2024.123072
Chawla, P. (2020). Impact of Employer Branding on Employee Engagement in Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) Sector in India: Mediating Effect of Person-Organization Fit. Industrial and Commercial Training, 52, 35-49. https://doi.org/10.1108/ict-06-2019-0063
Chew, E. Y. T., Ghurburn, A., Terspstra-Tong, J. L. Y., & Perera, H. K. (2021). Multiple Intelligence and Expatriate Effectiveness: The Mediating Roles of Cross-Cultural Adjustment. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 32, 2856-2888. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2019.1616591
Churchill Jr., G. A. (1979). A Paradigm for Developing Better Measures of Marketing Constructs. Journal of Marketing Research, 16, 64-73. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224377901600110
Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2014). Business Research Methods (12th ed.). McGraw Hill.
Creswell, J. W. (2016). Essential Skills for the Qualitative Researcher . Sage.
Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social Exchange Theory: An Interdisciplinary Review. Journal of Management, 31, 874-900. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602
Dalle, M. M. (2020). Women in Educational Leadership Roles in Private American Universities: A Mixed Methods Study in Beirut. Open Journal of Leadership, 13, 54-88.
DeConinck, J. B. (2010). The Effect of Organizational Justice, Perceived Organizational Support, and Perceived Supervisor Support on Marketing Employees’ Level of Trust. Journal of Business Research, 63, 1349-1355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2010.01.003
Dirks, K. T., & Ferrin, D. L. (2002). Trust in Leadership: Meta-Analytic Findings and Implications for Research and Practice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 611-628. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.611
Dorfman, P. W. (1996). International and Cross-Cultural Leadership Research. In B. J. Punnett, & O. Shenkar (Eds.), Handbook for International Management Research (2nd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 504-518). Wiley-Blackwell.
Eromafuru, E. G., Kifordu, A. A., Nweike-Ikeji, U. M., & Olannye, O. H. (2023). Exploring the Person-Organization Fit and Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Academic Staff Working in the South-West Nigerian Public Universities. Journal of Global Social Sciences, 4, 223-249. https://doi.org/10.58934/jgss.v4i14.163
Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11
Farzaneh, J., Dehghanpour Farashah, A., & Kazemi, M. (2014). The Impact of Person-Job Fit and Person-Organization Fit on OCB: The Mediating and Moderating Effects of Organizational Commitment and Psychological Empowerment. Personnel Review, 43, 672-691. https://doi.org/10.1108/pr-07-2013-0118
Field, A. (2024). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics . Sage Publications Limited.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error: Algebra and Statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 382-388. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800313
Fowler Jr., F. J. (2013). Survey Research Methods . Sage publications.
Goleman, D. (2017). Leadership That Gets Results. In A. Hooper (Ed.), Leadership Perspectives (pp. 85-96). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315250601-9
Grobler, S., & Grobler, A. (2021). Ethical Leadership, Person-Organizational Fit, and Productive Energy: A South African Sectoral Comparative Study. Ethics & Behavior, 31, 21-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2019.1699412
Haider, S. A., Akbar, A., Tehseen, S., Poulova, P., & Jaleel, F. (2022). The Impact of Responsible Leadership on Knowledge Sharing Behavior through the Mediating Role of Person-Organization Fit and Moderating Role of Higher Educational Institute Culture. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 7, Article ID: 100265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2022.100265
Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Mod eling (PLS-SEM) Using R: A Workbook . Springer Nature.
Hair Jr., J., Black, W., Babin, B., & Anderson, R. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis : A Global Persp ective. Prentice Hall and Pearson.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate Data Analys is: Pearson New International Editi on. Pearson Education.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis . Pearson Education.
Hair, J., Joseph F, Ortinau, D. J., & Harrison, D. E. (2021). Essentials of Marketing Re-search (5th ed.). MaGraw-Hill.
Holtom, B. C., Mitchell, T. R., Lee, T. W., & Eberly, M. B. (2008). 5 Turnover and Retention Research: A Glance at the Past, a Closer Review of the Present, and a Venture into the Future. The Academy of Management Annals, 2, 231-274. https://doi.org/10.1080/19416520802211552
Homans, G. C. (1958). Social Behavior as Exchange. American Journal of Sociology, 63, 597-606. https://doi.org/10.1086/222355
Howard, D. D. (2023). Gender Leadership Styles in Higher Education: A Transformational Leadership Study. Open Journal of Leadership, 12, 543-561. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojl.2023.124024
Huang, M., Cheng, B., & Chou, L. (2005). Fitting in Organizational Values. International Journal of Manpower, 26, 35-49. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437720510587262
James, G., Witten, D., Hastie, T., Tibshirani, R., & Taylor, J. (2023). An Introduction to Statistical Learn ing: With Applications in Python . Springer.
Joubert, Y. T., & Grobler, A. (2020). The Relationship between Hope and Optimism, Ethical Leadership and Person-Organisation Fit. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 23, a2872. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v23i1.2872
Judge, T. A., & Piccolo, R. F. (2004). Transformational and Transactional Leadership: A Meta-Analytic Test of Their Relative Validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 755-768. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.5.755
Jung, H. S., & Yoon, H. H. (2013). The Effects of Organizational Service Orientation on Person-Organization Fit and Turnover Intent. The Service Industries Journal, 33, 7-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2011.596932
Jutras, R., & Mathieu, C. (2016). Person-Organization Fit Relationship with Job Satisfaction and Turnover: The Mediating Influence of Leader-Member Exchange. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 15, 71-84.
Jöreskog, K. G., Olsson, U. H., & Wallentin, F. Y. (2016). Multivariate Analysis with LISREL. Springer.
Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work. Academy of Management Journal, 33, 692-724. https://doi.org/10.5465/256287
kakar, A. S., Mansor, N. N. A., & Saufi, R. A. (2021). Does Organizational Reputation Matter in Pakistan’s Higher Education Institutions? the Mediating Role of Person-Organization Fit and Person-Vocation Fit between Organizational Reputation and Turnover Intention. International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing, 18, 151-169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12208-020-00266-z
Kerse, G. (2021). A Leader Indeed Is a Leader in Deed: The Relationship of Ethical Leadership, Person–organization Fit, Organizational Trust, and Extra-Role Service Behavior. Journal of Management & Organization, 27, 601-620. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2019.4
Kline, R. B. (2023). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling . Guilford Publications.
Kristof-Brown, A. L., Zimmerman, R. D., & Johnson, E. C. (2005). Consequences of Individuals’ Fit at Work: A Meta-Analysis of Person-Job, Person-Organization, Person–Group, and Person-Supervisor Fit. Personnel Psychology, 58, 281-342. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2005.00672.x
Kristof-Brown, A., & Guay, R. P. (2011). Person-Environment Fit. In S. Zedeck (Ed.), APA Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Vol 3: Maintaining, Expanding, and Contracting the Organization (pp. 3-50). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/12171-001
Lamm, A. J., Lamm, K. W., Rodriguez, M. T., & Owens, C. T. (2016). Examining Leadership Style Influence on Engagement in a National Change Process: Implications for Leadership Education. Journal of Leadership Education, 15, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.12806/v15/i4/r1
Lau, P. Y. Y., McLean, G. N., Hsu, Y., & Lien, B. Y. (2017). Learning Organization, Organizational Culture, and Affective Commitment in Malaysia: A Person-Organization Fit Theory. Human Resource Development International, 20, 159-179. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2016.1246306
Lee, L., Veasna, S., & Wu, W. (2013). The Effects of Social Support and Transformational Leadership on Expatriate Adjustment and Performance. Career Development International, 18, 377-415. https://doi.org/10.1108/cdi-06-2012-0062
Likert, R. (1932). A Technique for the Measurement of Attitudes. Archives of Psychology , 22, 140-155.
Linehan, M., & Scullion, H. (2001). Challenges for Female International Managers: Evidence from Europe. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 16, 215-228. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940110385767
Listyaningrum, P., Hadi, S., & Purnamarini, T. R. (2024). Analysis of Servant Leadership and Transformational Leadership on Affective Commitment: A Mediation of Person Organizational Fit. International Conference on Humanity Education and Society (ICHES), 3, 1-16. https://proceedingsiches.com/index.php/ojs/article/view/133
Liu, S., Chu, F., Guo, M., & Liu, Y. (2021). Authentic Leadership, Person-Organization Fit and Collectivistic Orientation: A Moderated-Mediated Model of Workplace Safety. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 42, 1295-1310. https://doi.org/10.1108/lodj-03-2020-0080
Lytras, M. D., Alkhaldi, A., & Malik, S. (2024). Transformative Leadership [TL] and Sustainable Innovation in Higher Education [HE]: Setting the Context. In S. Baroudi, & M. D. Lytras (Eds.), Transformative Leadership and Sustainable Innovation in Education: Interdisciplinary Perspectives (pp. 211-229). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83753-536-120241014
Malhotra, N. K., Nunan, D., & Birks, D. F. (2020). Marketing Research . Pearson.
Mayer, D. M., Aquino, K., Greenbaum, R. L., & Kuenzi, M. (2012). Who Displays Ethical Leadership, and Why Does It Matter? An Examination of Antecedents and Consequences of Ethical Leadership. Academy of Management Journal, 55, 151-171. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2008.0276
Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust. The Academy of Management Review, 20, 709-734. https://doi.org/10.2307/258792
Mgaiwa, S. J. (2023). Leadership Styles of Academic Deans and Department Heads: University Dons’ Perspectives on How They Affect Their Job Satisfaction. International Journal of Educational Management, 37, 1088-1103. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijem-09-2022-0367
Ngounhort, H., Chanveasna, U., Kirivadid, K., & Veasna, S. (2024). The Antecedents and Consequences of Job Satisfaction on Teachers’ Job Retention in HEI, Cambodia. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 12, 1-33. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2024.129001
Nolan, E. M., & Morley, M. J. (2014). A Test of the Relationship between Person–environment Fit and Cross-Cultural Adjustment among Self-Initiated Expatriates. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25, 1631-1649. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2013.845240
Northouse, P. G. (2021). Leadership: Theory and Practice . Sage Publications.
Ouedraogo, N., & Ouakouak, M. L. (2018). Impacts of Personal Trust, Communication, and Affective Commitment on Change Success. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 31, 676-696. https://doi.org/10.1108/jocm-09-2016-0175
Pacia, D. R., & Guevarra, P. M. (2023). Influence of Path-Goal Theory of Leadership Styles and the Moderating Role of Task Structure in Leadership on Teachers’ Satisfaction, Motivation, and Performance. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 4, 2330-2345. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.04.07.15
Pallant, J. (2020). SPSS Survival Manual : A Step by Step Guide t o Data Analysis Usin g IBM SPSS. Routledge.
Peterson, M. F., & Hunt, J. G. (1997). International Perspectives on International Leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 8, 203-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1048-9843(97)90002-3
Peterson, R. A., & Kim, Y. (2013). On the Relationship between Coefficient α and Composite Reliability. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98, 194-198. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030767
Pham, T. P. T., Van Nguyen, T., Van Nguyen, P., & Ahmed, Z. U. (2024). The Pathways to Innovative Work Behavior and Job Performance: Exploring the Role of Public Service Motivation, Transformational Leadership, and Person-Organization Fit in Vietnam’s Public Sector. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 10, Article ID: 100315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2024.100315
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational Leader Behaviors and Their Effects on Followers’ Trust in Leader, Satisfaction, and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 1, 107-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(90)90009-7
Purbaningrum, N. W., & Tjahjaningsih, E. (2024). The Effect of Person-Organization Fit and Person-Job Fit on Performance with Organizational Citizenship Behavior as Mediation. Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE), 7, 5218-5237.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2019). Research Methods for Business Students (8th ed.). Pearson Education.
Schneider, B., Ehrhart, M. G., & Macey, W. H. (2013). Organizational Climate and Culture. Annual Review of Psychology, 64, 361-388. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143809
Schwepker, C. H. (2019). Strengthening Customer Value Development and Ethical Intent in the Salesforce: The Influence of Ethical Values Person-Organization Fit and Trust in Manager. Journal of Business Ethics, 159, 913-925. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-3851-0
Scott, J., Waite, S., & Reede, D. (2021). Voluntary Employee Turnover: A Literature Review and Evidence-Based, User-Centered Strategies to Improve Retention. Journal of the American College of Radiology, 18, 442-450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2020.09.056
Sharma, V., Poulose, J., & Maheshkar, C. (2022). Leadership Styles in Higher Educational Institutions in India—“A Need for Paradigm Shift!”. In E. Sengupta, & P. Blessinger (Eds.), Role of Leaders in Managing Higher Education (pp. 59-81). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/s2055-364120220000048005
Silva, P., Moreira, A. C., & Mota, J. (2023). Employees’ Perception of Corporate Social Responsibility and Performance: The Mediating Roles of Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Organizational Trust. Journal of Strategy and Management, 16, 92-111. https://doi.org/10.1108/jsma-10-2021-0213
Siyal, S., Xin, C., Peng, X., Siyal, A. W., & Ahmed, W. (2020). Why Do High-Performance Human Resource Practices Matter for Employee Outcomes in Public Sector Universities? The Mediating Role of Person-Organization Fit Mechanism. Sage Open, 10 . https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020947424
Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic Confidence Intervals for Indirect Effects in Structural Equation Models. Sociological Methodology, 13, 290-312. https://doi.org/10.2307/270723
Steiger, J. H. (1980). Tests for Comparing Elements of a Correlation Matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 87, 245-251. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.87.2.245
Sunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2017). Research Methods for Business Stud ents (7th ed.). Pearson Education.
Suutari, V., & Brewster, C. (2003). Repatriation: Empirical Evidence from a Longitudinal Study of Careers and Expectations among Finnish Expatriates. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14, 1132-1151. https://doi.org/10.1080/0958519032000114200
Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2018). Using Multivariate Statistics (7th ed.). Pearson.
Talukder, A. K. M., Vickers, M., & Khan, A. (2018). Supervisor Support and Work-Life Balance. Personnel Review, 47, 727-744. https://doi.org/10.1108/pr-12-2016-0314
Thuy, N. T. T., & Phinaitrup, B. (2023). The Effect of Public Service Motivation on Job Performance of Public Servants in Vietnam: The Role of Mediation of Job Satisfaction and Person-Organization Fit. International Journal of Public Administration, 46, 326-343. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2021.1995747
Tognazzo, A., Gubitta, P., & Gerli, F. (2017). Fostering Performance through Leaders’ Behavioral Competencies. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 25, 295-311. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-07-2016-1044
Treviño, L. J., Egri, C. P., Ralston, D. A., Naoumova, I., Li, Y., Darder, F. L. et al. (2020). A Cross-Cultural Examination of Person-Organization Fit: Is P-O Fit Congruent with or Contingent on Societal Values? Management International Review, 60, 287-314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-020-00411-0
Tsen, M. K., Gu, M., Tan, C. M., & Goh, S. K. (2022). Does Flexible Work Arrangements Decrease or Increase Turnover Intention? A Comparison between the Social Exchange Theory and Border Theory. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 42, 962-983. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-08-2021-0196
Tung, R. L. (1982). Selection and Training Procedures of U.S., European, and Japanese Multinationals. California Management Review, 25, 57-71. https://doi.org/10.2307/41164993
Uppal, N. (2021). Mediating Effects of Person-Environment Fit on the Relationship between High-Performance Human Resource Practices and Firm Performance. International Journal of Manpower, 42, 356-371. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijm-10-2019-0476
Verquer, M. L., Beehr, T. A., & Wagner, S. H. (2003). A Meta-Analysis of Relations between Person-Organization Fit and Work Attitudes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63, 473-489. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-8791(02)00036-2
Williamson, M. K., & Perumal, K. (2022). The Relationship between Procedural Justice and Person-Organisation Fit: The Mediating Role of Organisational Trust. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 25, a4412. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v25i1.4412
Yao, Z., Zhang, X., Liu, Z., Zhang, L., & Luo, J. (2020). Narcissistic Leadership and Voice Behavior: The Role of Job Stress, Traditionality, and Trust in Leaders. Chinese Management Studies, 14, 543-563. https://doi.org/10.1108/cms-11-2018-0747
Yasami, M., Phetvaroon, K., Dewan, M., & Stosic, K. (2024). Does Employee Resilience Work? The Effects of Job Insecurity on Psychological Withdrawal Behavior and Work Engagement. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 7, 2862-2882. https://doi.org/10.1108/jhti-06-2023-0423
Yue, C. (2023). Educational Administrators’ Leadership Styles and Teachers’ Organizational Commitment: Inputs for a Work Engagement Program. Open Journal of Leadership, 12, 352-373. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojl.2023.123017
Yukl, G. (2013). Leadership in Organizations (8th ed.). Pearson Education India.