Climate-Related Changes in Salinity and Temperature Modulate Cadmium Bioaccumulation and Toxicity in the Haptophyte Diacronema lutheri — Oak Academic Publishing
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Climate-Related Changes in Salinity and Temperature Modulate Cadmium Bioaccumulation and Toxicity in the Haptophyte Diacronema lutheri
Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
,
Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l’Environnement, University of Lille, UMR CNRS 8516 LASIRE, Lille, France
,
Institute of Marine Biology, NTOU, Keelung, Taiwan Region
,
Center of Excellence for the Oceans, NTOU, Keelung, Taiwan Region
,
Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
1 Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
2 Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l’Environnement, University of Lille, UMR CNRS 8516 LASIRE, Lille, France
3 Institute of Marine Biology, NTOU, Keelung, Taiwan Region
4 Center of Excellence for the Oceans, NTOU, Keelung, Taiwan Region
5 Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
Coastal freshening and warming may modify the bioavailability and biological effects of persistent contaminants. This study examined how salinity and temperature affected cadmium (Cd) accumulation and Cd-related growth impairment in the haptophyte Diacronema lutheri . In a 21-day experiment, cultures at 15 or 35 PSU were exposed to 0 or 60 µg·L − 1 Cd, and cell-density trajectories were analysed using mixed-design repeated-measures analysis of variance. Cadmium accumulation was also followed for seven days in Cd-exposed cultures at both salinities. Separate 72-h experiments quantified Cd accumulation across salinities of 15, 25 and 35 PSU or temperatures of 18˚C, 25˚C and 35˚C at nominal Cd concentrations of 36, 120, 600 and 1200 µg·L − 1 . In the growth experiment, salinity and Cd significantly affected cell density (both P < 0.001), although the salinity × Cd × day interaction was not significant. Within Cd-exposed cultures, cell density was significantly lower at 15 PSU than at 35 PSU, and growth trajectories differed between salinities (salinity × day, P = 0.007). Seven-day Cd accumulation was greater at 15 PSU (P < 0.001), with a significant salinity × day interaction (P = 0.003). In the 72-h experiments, Cd accumulation increased with exposure concentration and was modified by salinity (salinity × Cd concentration, P < 0.001) and temperature (temperature × Cd concentration, P = 0.010). Reduced salinity strongly enhanced Cd accumulation, while elevated temperature modified short-term Cd accumulation in a concentration-dependent manner. Reduced salinity and Cd exposure independently affected algal growth, but a salinity-dependent increase in Cd-specific growth toxicity was not statistically demonstrated. Climate-related coastal freshening and warming may therefore modify Cd accumulation and exposure risk in marine microalgae.
KeywordsCadmiumCoastal FresheningWarmingBioaccumulationDiacronema lutheri
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