The Wave Properties of Zuara Coast and Their Effects on the Marine Navigation
- 1 Geography Department, College of Arts, Azzawia University, Subratah, Libya
- 2 Geology Department, National Engineering School, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
Abstract
Waves are the most important phenomena affecting marine navigation, either in the field of fishing , military or transporting of goods. This paper tries to answer the following important questions: What are the causes and types of waves in the coast of Zuaracity? What are their characteristics? And how do those waves affect the marine navigation and human activities on this coast? The research f inds significant results devoted in that: the coast is exposed to on type of waves; wind waves. Zuara coast has never been exposed to waves of Tsunami or landslides. The largest size of the wave forms in winter season due to the wind of north-west which is the fastest wind type that the Libyan coast is exposed to. However, the highest speed is up to 65 knots accompanied with waves reach a height of more than 7 meters . The research also classifies the wind speeds that lead to cancelling ships and boats trips that depend on this work is studying the waves in Zuara coast and the relationship with the waves of Libyan coast and Mediterranean sea. Also, it focuses on the effect of waves on boat speed, design, fuel consumption, and other effects.
- J. O. Algraeo, “Physical Properties of the Waters of the Libyan Coast,” Unpublished, p. 100.
- www.google.com/imgres?q=Zuara+MAP
- J. O. Algraeo, “Physical Properties of the Waters of the Libyan Coast,” Unpublished, p. 88.
- J. O. Algraeo, “Physical Properties of the Waters of the Libyan Coast,” Unpublished, p. 4.
- A. Lefevre, “Seas and Oceans,” Champers World Library, Glasgow, 2004.
- http://cdip.ucsd.edu/?nav=documents&xitem=waves#irregular
- K. Isitso, “Oceangraphy,” The National Library in Baghdad, 1986, p. 492.
- K. Isitso, “Oceangraphy,” The National Library in Baghdad, 1986, p. 493.
- http://ts2.mm.bing.net/th?id=H.4558876844296177&pid=1.7&w=227&h=112&c=7&rs=1
- www.Abonawaf.com
- E. Almquili, “Hydro Geomorphological Risks,” Dar Shomoa al Takafa, Azzawia, 2003, pp. 82-83.
- J. O. Algraeo, “Physical Properties of the Waters of the Libyan Coast,” Unpublished, p. 4.
- A. J. jusqu’à, “Geology of Libya,” 1977.
- Campbell, et al., “The Geology of Sirt Basin,” 1968, p. 659.
- Campbell, et al., “The Geology of Sirt Basin,” 1968, p. 658.
- K. Isitso, “Oceangraphy,” The National Library in Baghdad, 1986, p. 521
- K. Isitso, “Oceangraphy,” The National Library in Baghdad, 1986, p. 523.
- Libyan NAtional Meteorological Center-LNMC.
- Central Department of Meteorology/Tripoli
- A Personal Interview with a Shipmaster Nadm Mustafa Naji, 6 April 2012.