Variability in the Light Absorption Coefficient by Phytoplankton, Non-Algal Particles and Colored Dissolved Organic Matter in the Northern Gulf of California — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Variability in the Light Absorption Coefficient by Phytoplankton, Non-Algal Particles and Colored Dissolved Organic Matter in the Northern Gulf of California
Grupo de Investigación en Oceanología, Facultad de Oceanografía Física, Escuela Naval de Cadetes “Almirante Padilla”, Barrio Bosque, Sector Manzanillo, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
,
Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, México
,
Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, México
,
Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, México
,
Departamento de Ecología Marina, CICESE, Ensenada, México
,
Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, México
,
Departamento de Oceanografía Física, CICESE, Ensenada, México
,
Departamento de Plancton y Ecología Marina, CICIMAR-IPN. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/n, La Paz, México
1 Grupo de Investigación en Oceanología, Facultad de Oceanografía Física, Escuela Naval de Cadetes “Almirante Padilla”, Barrio Bosque, Sector Manzanillo, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
2 Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, México
3 Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, México
4 Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, México
5 Departamento de Ecología Marina, CICESE, Ensenada, México
6 Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, México
7 Departamento de Oceanografía Física, CICESE, Ensenada, México
8 Departamento de Plancton y Ecología Marina, CICIMAR-IPN. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/n, La Paz, México
Variability of the optical properties of the northern Gulf of California (México) were analyzed for the first time based on six cruises performed from spring to summer (March to September) between 2008 and 2013. The changes observed in the absorption by three seawater components (phytoplankton, detritus and chromophoric dissolved organic matter or CDOM) were analyzed in relation to changes in bio-optical regions and composition of the phytoplankton community (determined based on phytoplankton pigments). Two regions with unique bio-optical characteristics were identified separated by a narrow transition zone: the Upper Gulf of California (UGC) and Northern Gulf of California (NGC). Despite the temporal changes in their spatial distribution they maintained particular characteristic. UGC is characterized by an average Chla of 1.78 mg/m3, the dominance of microphytoplankton (diatoms and dinoflagellates) and a stronger contribution of detritus to total light absorption. NGC is characterized by an average Chla of 0.7 mg/m3 and the predominance of picophytoplankton, characterized by the dominance of zeaxanthin (marker pigment for cyanobacteria) and/or chlorophyll b (marker pigment for green algae), along with a co-dominium by CDOM and phytoplankton to light absorption. Results indicate that Case II waters can be very different when evaluating the individual contribution by phytoplankton, detritus and CDOM to total light absorption what has to be considered for the selection of bio-optical models for each specific region what can also help to a better definition of the related uncertainties.
KeywordsLight AbsorptionPhytoplanktonCDOMDetritusOcean ColorGulf of California
Garver, S.A. and Siegel, D.A. (1997) Inherent Optical Property Inversion of Ocean Color Spectra and Its Biogeochemical Interpretation: 1. Time Series from the Sargasso Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 102, 18607-18625. https://doi.org/10.1029/96JC03243
Lee, Z., Carder, K.L., Steward, R.G., Peacock, T.G., Davis, C.O. and Patch, J.S. (1998) An Empirical Algorithm for Light Absorption by Ocean Water Based on Color. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 103, 27967-27978. https://doi.org/10.1029/98JC01946
Carder, K.L., Chen, F.R., Lee, Z.P., Hawes, S.K. and Kamykowski, D. (1999) Semianalytic Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer Algorithms for Chlorophyll a and Absorption with Bio-Optical Domains Based on Nitrate-Depletion Temperatures. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 104, 5403-5421. https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JC900082
Morel, A. and Prieur, L. (1977) Analysis of Variations in Ocean Color. Limnology and Oceanography, 22, 709-722. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1977.22.4.0709
IOCCG (2000) Remote Sensing of Ocean Colour in Coastal, and Other Optically-Complex, Waters. In: Sathyendranath, S., Ed., Reports of the International Ocean-Colour Coordinating Group, No. 3, IOCCG, Dartmouth.
Ferreira, A., Ciotti, á.M. and Giannini, M.F.C. (2014) Variability in the Light Absorption Coefficients of Phytoplankton, Non-Algal Particles, and Colored Dissolved Organic Matter in a Subtropical Bay (Brazil). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 139, 127-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2014.01.002
Lee, Z., Carder, K.L. and Arnone, R.A. (2002) Deriving Inherent Optical Properties from Water Color: A Multiband Quasi-Analytical Algorithm for Optically Deep Waters. Applied Optics, 41, 5755-5772. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.41.005755
Maritorena, S., Siegel, D.A. and Peterson, A.R. (2002) Optimization of a Semianalytical Ocean Color Model for Global-Scale Applications. Applied Optics, 41, 2705-2714. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.41.002705
Franz, B.A. and Werdell, P.J. (2010) A Generalized Framework for Modeling of Inherent Optical Properties in Ocean Remote Sensing Applications. Proceedings of Ocean Optics, Anchorage, Alaska, 27, 1-13.
Werdell, P.J., Franz, B.A., Bailey, S.W., Feldman, G.C., Boss, E., Brando, V.E., Loisel, H., et al. (2013) Generalized Ocean Color Inversion Model for Retrieving Marine Inherent Optical Properties. Applied Optics, 52, 2019-2037. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.52.002019
Siegel, D.A., Maritorena, S., Nelson, N.B., Hansell, D.A. and Lorenzi-Kayser, M. (2002) Global Distribution and Dynamics of Colored Dissolved and Detrital Organic Materials. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 107, 3228.
Blough, N.V. and Del Vecchio, R. (2002) Chromophoric DOM in the Coastal Environment. In: Hansell, D.A. and Carlson, C.A., Eds., Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter, Academic Press, San Diego, 509-546. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012323841-2/50012-9
Nelson, N.B. and Siegel, D.A. (2002) Chromophoric DOM in the Open Ocean. Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter, 2002, 547-554, cp1-cp2, 555-578. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012323841-2/50013-0
Brezonik, P.L., Olmanson, L.G., Finlay, J.C. and Bauer, M.E. (2015) Factors Affecting the Measurement of CDOM by Remote Sensing of Optically Complex Inland Waters. Remote Sensing of Environment, 157, 199-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.04.033
IOCCG (2006) Remote Sensing of Inherent Optical Properties: Fundamentals, Tests of Algorithms, and Applications. In: Lee, Z.-P., Ed., Reports of the International Ocean-Colour Coordinating Group, No. 5, IOCCG, Dartmouth.
Roesler, C.S., Perry, M.J. and Carder, K.L. (1989) Modeling in Situ Phytoplankton Absorption from Total Absorption Spectra in Productive Inland Marine Waters. Limnology and Oceanography, 34, 1510-1523. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1989.34.8.1510
Pegau, W.S., Zaneveld, J.R.V., Barnard, A.H., Maske, H., álvarez Borrego, S., Lara Lara, R. and Cervantes Duarte, R. (1999) Inherent Optical Properties in the Gulf of California. Ciencias Marinas, 25, 469-485. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=48025402 https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.v25i4.731
Bastidas-Salamanca, M., Gonzalez-Silvera, A., Millán-Núnez, R., Santamaria-del- Angel, E. and Frouin, R. (2014) Bio-Optical Characteristics of the Northern Gulf of California during June 2008. International Journal of Oceanography, 2014, Article ID: 384618. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/384618
Argote, M.L., Amador, A., Lavín, M.F. and Hunter, J.R. (1995) Tidal Dissipation and Stratification in the Gulf of California. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 100, 16103-16118. https://doi.org/10.1029/95JC01500
Sanchez-Velasco, L., Lavín, M.F., Peguero-Icaza, M., León-Chávez, C.A., Contreras-Catala, F., Marinone, S.G., Godínez, V.M., et al. (2009) Seasonal Changes in Larval Fish Assemblages in a Semi-Enclosed Sea (Gulf of California). Continental Shelf Research, 29, 1697-1710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2009.06.001
Santamaría-del-Angel, E., Alvarez-Borrego, S. and Müller-Karger, F.E. (1994) Gulf of California Biogeographic Regions Based on Coastal Zone Color Scanner Imagery. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 99, 7411-7421. https://doi.org/10.1029/93JC02154
Hidalgo-Gonzalez, R.M. and Alvarez-Borrego, S. (2001) Chlorophyll Profiles and the Water Column Structure in the Gulf of California. Oceanologicaacta, 24, 19-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0399-1784(00)01126-9
Millan-Nuez, E., Lara-Lara, J.R. and Cleveland, J.S. (1998) Variations in Specific Absorption Coefficients and Total Phytoplankton in the Gulf of California. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Report, 159-168.
Brewin, R.J., Sathyendranath, S., Müller, D., Brockmann, C., Deschamps, P.Y., Devred, E. and Groom, S. (2015) The Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative: III. A Round-Robin Comparison on In-Water Bio-Optical Algorithms. Remote Sensing of Environment, 162, 271-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.09.016
Coble, P.G. (2007) Marine Optical Biogeochemistry: The Chemistry of Ocean Color. Chemical Reviews, 107, 402-418. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr050350+
Lavín, M.F. and Marinone, S.G. (2003) An Overview of the Physical Oceanography of the Gulf of California. In: Nonlinear Processes in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Springer, Berlin, 173-204. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0074-1_11
Borrego, S.A., Báez, B.P.F. and Bect, L.A.G. (1975) Hidrologia del Alto Golfo de California II. Condiciones duranteinvierno primavera y verano. Ciencias Marinas, 2, 21-36. https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.v2i1.275
Alvarez-Borrego, S. and Galindo-Bect, L.A. (1974) Hidrológia del Alto Golfo de California-I. Condiciones Durante Otono. Ciencias Marinas, 1, 46-64. https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.v1i1.248
Lavin, M.F., Godinez, V.M. and Alvarez, L.G. (1998) Inverse-Estuarine Features of the Upper Gulf of California. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 47, 769-795. https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1998.0387
Lavín, M.F. and Organista, S. (1988) Surface Heat Flux in the Northern Gulf of California. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 93, 14033-14038. https://doi.org/10.1029/JC093iC11p14033
Lavin, M.F. and Sánchez, S. (1999) On How the Colorado River Affected the Hydrography of the Upper Gulf of California. Continental Shelf Research, 19, 1545-1560. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(99)00030-8
Santamaría-del-ángel, E., Soto, I., Millán-Nunez, R., González-Silvera, A., Wolny, J., Cerdeira-Estrada, S., Cajal-Medrano, R., Muller-Karger, F., Cannizzaro, J., Padilla-Rosas, Y.X.S., Mercado-Santana, A., Gracia-Escobar, M.F., álvarez-Torres, P. and Ruiz-de-la-Torre, M.C. (2015) Phytoplankton Blooms: New Initiative using Marine Optics as a Basis for Monitoring Programs. In: Sebastia-Frasquet, M.-T., Ed., Coastal Ecosystems: Experiences and Recommendations for Environmental Monitoring Programs, Nova Science Publishers, 32.
Kirk, J.T.O. (1994) Light and Photosynthesis in Aquatic Ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 509 p. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511623370
Mitchell, B.G., Kahru, M., Wieland, J., Stramska, M. and Mueller, J.L. (2002) Determination of Spectral Absorption Coefficients of Particles, Dissolved Material and Phytoplankton for Discrete Water Samples. Ocean Optics Protocols for Satellite Ocean Color Sensor Validation. Revision, 3, 231-257.
Barlow, R.G., Cummings, D.G. and Gibb, S.W. (1997) Improved Resolution of Mono- and Divinyl Chlorophylls a and b and Zeaxanthin and Lutein in Phytoplankton Extracts using Reverse Phase C-8 HPLC. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 161, 303-307. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps161303
Thomas, C. (2012) The HPLC Method. In: The 5th SeaWiFS HPLC Analysis Round-Robin Experiment, Chapter 6, Buscar Con Google, 63-72.
Jeffrey, S.W., Mantoura, R.F.C. and Wright, S.W. (1997) Phytoplankton Pigments in Oceanography: Guidelines to Modern Methods (Monographs on Oceanographic Methodology).
Zar, J.H. (1999) Biostatistical Analysis. Pearson Education India.
Tilstone, G.H., Peters, S.W., van der Woerd, H.J., Eleveld, M.A., Ruddick, K., Schonfeld, W., Sorensen, K., et al. (2012) Variability in Specific-Absorption Properties and Their Use in a Semi-Analytical Ocean Colour Algorithm for MERIS in North Sea and Western English Channel Coastal Waters. Remote Sensing of Environment, 118, 320-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.11.019
Werdell, P.J., Franz, B.A., Bailey, S.W., Harding Jr, L.W. and Feldman, G.C. (2007) Approach for the Long-Term Spatial and Temporal Evaluation of Ocean Color Satellite Data Products in a Coastal Environment. Proceedings of SPIE, 6680, 66800G. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.732489
Mélin, F. and Vantrepotte, V. (2015) How Optically Diverse Is the Coastal Ocean? Remote Sensing of Environment, 160, 235-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.01.023
Montes, J.M., Lavín, M.F. and Parés-Sierra, A.F. (2015) Seasonal Heat and Salt Balance in the Upper Gulf of California. Journal of Coastal Research, 32, 853-862.
Sarthou, G., Timmermans, K.R., Blain, S. and Tréguer, P. (2005) Growth Physiology and Fate of Diatoms in the Ocean: A Review. Journal of Sea Research, 53, 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2004.01.007
Santamaría-del-ángel, E., Millán-Núnez, R. and De la Pena-Nettel, G. (1996) Efecto de la turbidez en la productividad primaria en dos estaciones en el área del delta del Río Colorado. Ciencias Marinas, 22, 483-493.
Uitz, J., Claustre, H., Morel, A. and Hooker, S.B. (2006) Vertical Distribution of Phytoplankton Communities in Open Ocean: An Assessment Based on Surface Chlorophyll. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 111, C08005.
Ji, Z.G. (2008) Hydrodynamics and Water Quality: Modeling Rivers, Lakes, and Estuaries. John Wiley and Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470241066
Gaxiola-Castro, G., Alvarez-Borrego, S., Lavín, M.F., Zirino, A. and Nájera-Martínez, S. (1999) Spatial Variability of the Photosynthetic Parameters and Biomass of the Gulf of California Phytoplankton. Journal of Plankton Research, 21, 231-245. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/21.2.231
Gracia-Escobar, M.F. (2016) Abundancia, Carbono: Clorofila a, Productividad Primaria, Pigmentos y absorción de la luz del fitoplancton en el Alto Golfo de California. Ph.D. Thesis, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Baja California, México.