Non-Clear Cell Renal Carcinomas: About 23 Cases Experience of the Medical Oncology Department of the Hassan II Hospital in Fez, Morocco

Abstract

Background: Non-clear cell renal cell carcinomas represent a very rare and heterogeneous variety of kidney cancer. The aim of this study is to describe the main epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, histological and therapeutic characteristics of these cancers. Methods: A descriptive retrospective study was conducted in the Medical Oncology Department of the Hassan II Hospital in Fez, collecting 23 patients with these tumors during the period from January 2008 to January 2020. The statistical analysis is made by the SPSS software version 23. Survival was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The average age of the patients was 57.4 years. The sex ratio M/F was 1.3. The main risk factor was smoking (n = 10). The most common symptom was low back pain (n = 23). 17 patients were metastatic, while 6 patients had localized disease. The most common histological type was papillary carcinoma (n = 12). Patients with localized disease have undergone an extended total nephrectomy. After a median follow-up of 145 months, the median of recurrence-free survival was 48 months and that of overall survival was 150 months. In a metastatic situation, 16 patients had received systemic treatment, of which 13 patients had received sunitinib, 2 patients pazaopanib and only one patient received everolimus. After a median follow-up of 20 months, the median of progression-free survival was 5 months and that of overall survival was 9 months. Conclusion: At the present time, there is no therapeutic standard for the management of patients with these tumors. Surgery for people with localized or locally advanced disease remains the initial and most important approach. For patients with advanced disease, a clinical trial should be considered.