Factors Associated with Echocardiographic Abnormalities in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in a Tertiary Hospital in Ivory Coast

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) are very frequent in pa-tients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and impose a new environment to which the heart must adapt. Cardiac ultrasound is a non-invasive and easy-to-perform examination that allows quantitative and qualitative assessment of the anatomy and function of the heart. The objectives of this study were to describe abnormalities observed on trans-thoracic Doppler-echocar-diography and to investigate the factors associated with them. Materials and Method: This was a monocentric retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in CKD patients hospitalized in a hospital center in Côte d'Ivoire from January 2017 to December 2018. Results: One hundred and four cases were collected with a mean age of 48.87 ± 14.47 years and a sex ratio of 1.7. Patients with end-stage-renal-disease (ESRD) represented 83.7% with 55.8% of cases of chronic glomerulonephritis. Cardiovascular risk factors were 100% anemia, 84.6% inflammatory profile, 77.9% hypertension, 76.9% hypocalcemia and in 67.3% oedema. Cardiac abnormalities were observed in 78.8% of patients. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), accounting for 20.2% of cases, was associated with male gender (OR 0.127 CI 0.025 - 0.643; p = 0.013) and hypertensive nephropathy (OR 0.189 CI 0.056 - 0.637; p = 0.007). History of hypertension (OR 0.297 CI 0.084 - 1.050; p = 0.060) and diabetes (OR 5.315 CI 1.260 - 22.419; p = 0.023), hypertensive nephropathy (OR 0.174 CI 0.052 - 0.585; p = 0.005) and hypocalcemia (OR 6.094 CI 1.723 - 21.559; p = 0.005) are incriminated in the development of left ventricular dilatation (LVD) which accounted for 38.5% of cases. Conclusion: Left ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation are the main echocardiographic abnormalities observed in our population.