Prevalence of Types of Arterial Hypertension in Pregnant Women at the Maternity Ward of the Centre Médical Communal Les Flamboyants Conakry Guinea

Abstract

Introduction: Arterial hypertension (AH) during pregnancy is defined as systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg on two (2) successive visits separated by at least 4 hours in a woman who has been at rest for 10 to 15 minutes in the seated position and then in the left lateral decubitus position. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and types of arterial hypertension among pregnant women in the maternity ward of the CMC les Flamboyants. Methods: This was a prospective descriptive study lasting six (6) months, from 1 October 2021 to 31 March 2022, of all pregnant women and/or parturients admitted to the maternity ward of the CMC les Flamboyants with a resting blood pressure (BP) greater than or equal to 140/90 mm Hg during the study period. Results: During the study period, we recorded 707 cases of pregnant and/or parturient women, 50 (7.07%) of whom were hypertensive. The average age of the patients was 29 years, with extremes of 18 and 41 years. The 20 - 29 age group was the most affected, with 26 cases (52%). Headache, dizziness and oedema of the lower limbs were constant in all cases. The risk factors for arterial hypertension were dominated by familial hypertension in 19 cases (38%), multiple gestures in 17 cases (34%) and a history of gestational hypertension in 16 cases (32%). Gestational age between 28 and 36 weeks’ amenorrhoea was the most common, with 20 cases (40%). Type I hypertension was most common on admission, with 34 cases (68%), followed by type II hypertension, with 8 cases (16%). Pre-eclampsia was the most frequent maternal complication with 27 cases (54%) followed by eclampsia with 15 cases (30%). Fetal distress was the most frequent fetal complication, 19 cases (38%), followed by death in utero 9 cases (18%). Conclusion: Compliance with consultation programmes and correct patient follow-up could help reduce maternal-foetal complications.