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The Deleterious Effect of Inappropriate Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation during Pregnancy in Women Predisposed to Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
Department of Medicine, Nephrology Unit, Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- 1 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- 2 Department of Medicine, Nephrology Unit, Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- 3 Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
Open Journal of Nephrology·Volume 13 (2023)·Pages 256–262·Published 31 July 2023·DOI10.4236/ojneph.2023.133025
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Abstract
Background: Gestational formation of new urolithiasis is rare yet the impact of inappropriate gestational calcium and vitamin D supplementation (Ca/DS) is underestimated. Patients and Methods: we retrospectively evaluated 75 pregnant women with history of UL, yet were stable for >2 years on dietary restrictions, for new UL after Ca/DS. Results: During the past 5 years 21 (48%) of those who had received Ca/DS had developed UL and all had high Vitamin D with hypercalcemia while the remaining 31 patients, without Ca/DS, did not have UL and maintained normal vitamin D urinary calcium without need for supplementation. Overt UL was evident by 30th weeks of gestations and most were diagnosed by ultrasonography and managed by medical expulsive therapy. Conclusion: in patients with history of UL, prudent use of Ca/DS is indicated to avoid new UL.
KeywordsCalciumKidneyPregnancyStonesUrolithiasisVitamin D
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