Polycystic Kidney Disease: Epidemioclinic, Evolutionary and Prognostic Profile in the Nephrology Department of the Point G Hospital, Mali

Abstract

Introduction: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a dominantly inherited genetic disorder. The affected parent has a 50% chance of transmitting the mutated gene to his or her offspring. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemioclinic, evolutionary and prognostic profile of ADPKD cases in the nephrology department of the Point G University Hospital. Materials and Methods: We conducted a descriptive study with retrospective data collection on 36 medical records of ultrasound-confirmed polycystic kidney disease in the Nephrology Department at Point G University Hospital during the period from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021. Results: The overall prevalence of ADPKD in the study was 1.08%, with an annual incidence of 09 cases. The mean age of patients was 49.14 ± 13.842 years, with extremes of 16 and 82 years. The 41 - 59 age group accounted for 56% of cases. The circumstances of discovery were, in order of frequency, lumbar pain and/or heaviness (39%), renal failure (36%), ultrasound (22%) and macroscopic hematuria (3). Chronic renal failure was the main complication (83% of cases). Progression was favourable in the majority of cases (75% of patients). Conclusion : ADPKD is probably underdiagnosed in black Africa. It is often discovered late in life, when renal function is already impaired. Earlier family screening combined with nephroprotective measures will improve patient prognosis.