Factors Associated with Dyslipidemia in Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease at the Borgou Teaching Hospital (Benin)

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is very common in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Lipoprotein metabolism is impaired in CKD patients, which is a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis and thus CVD. Objective: To investigate the serum lipid profile of patients with chronic kidney disease at CHUD-B/A in 2021. Method: A cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study was conducted from January 2 to June 30, 2021, at the CHUD-B/A, in adult patients with CKD received in consultation or hospitalized. After ethical consultation, a venous blood sample was taken, followed by the determination of lipid parameters (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides) by enzymatic colorimetric methods. LDL-cholesterol was calculated according to the formula of Friedwald et al. The plasma atherogenic index (PAI) was obtained by the formula log (triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol). Dyslipidemias was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Pane l III ( NCEP/ATP III ) classification. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with dyslipidemia at the 5% level. Results: A total of 54 patients with CKD were enrolled. The hospital prevalence of dyslipidemia was 64.81%. The different types of dyslipidemia found were HDL hypocholesterolemia (40.74%), LDL hypercholesterolemia (33.33%), hypertriglyceridemia (29.63%), total hypercholesterolemia (24.07%), mixed hyperlipidemia (12.96%), atherogenic dyslipidemia (7.41%). High PAI was the most common with 64.81%. Abdominal obesity was associated with mixed hyperlipidemia (p = 0.0043). HDL hypocholesterolemia was associated with end-stage CKD (p = 0.0001). Obesity (BMI) was a risk factor for LDL hypercholesterolemia (p = 0.0082). Conclusion: The hospital prevalence of dyslipidemia is high in patients with CKD. Serum lipid parameters should be included in the follow-up consultations of CKD patients.