Space and Time—The Sixth Time Using the Philosophical Principles of Cosmic Origin to Solve the Theoretical Contradiction between Quantum Mechanics and Relativity

Abstract

Space and time are linguistic, words, and numerical descriptions that humans use to represent the domains and processes of human and material existence. They form the fundamental questions of human philosophical thought. Some 2500 years ago, the philosophy of the cosmic origins contemplated space and the existence within it. Aristotle’s philosophy of matter pulled human philosophical inquiry down from the heavens to the earth, initiating the exploration of material philosophy and material science ( Russell, 2017 ). This shift set aside the concept of space and the existence within space, treating time as a concrete existence ( Liu, 2025a ). Leaving behind the trap of Aristotelian material philosophy. Humanity then marched forward, probing into material science and material philosophy, until the advent of modern science—quantum mechanics and relativity—reached the pinnacle of material science. The resulting “theoretical contradictions” in these modern theories forced a renewed consideration of space and time. Humans have defined the terms “space” and “time,” but without clarifying what space and time truly are, we cannot resolve these theoretical contradictions in modern physics. This will hinder scientific progress and affect our understanding of existence and survival. Building upon six articles published in the UK discussing cosmic origins ( Liu, 2024a ) and five articles published in the US on the “theoretical contradictions” of quantum mechanics and relativity, as well as the author’s previously published books and all related articles (please see all the references), this paper continues the inquiry into these fundamental philosophical issues that humanity has created, Resolving the “theoretical contradiction” between quantum mechanics and relativity.