The purpose of this paper is to provide a few examples of how several branches of science have interesting and even profound implications for our understanding of death. The method will be to analyze some established principles from biology, astrophysics, mathematics and quantum mechanics. There are four results: First, the death and biodegradable bodies of Earth’s animals played a significant role in the evolution of the human species. In this ironic sense, we owe our lives to death. Second, unnatural death can be frame-dependent. A person can be alive and well in his proper reference frame despite having died an unnatural death in an external frame. Third, if the multiverse theory is not valid, then the death of the universe is inevitable and irreversible. This is tantamount to the law of increasing entropy. Fourth, events do not go out of existence with the passage of time. Rather, what is lost to the past is the high probability associated with detecting present events. In other words, the high amplitude of present events washes out detection of past events like the daytime sun washes out the stars. Since the unconscious mind does not detect energetic sensory data, it may be timeless as many have suggested. If so, it need not depend upon high amplitude events, thus giving some credence to paranormal psychology. Moreover, the death of the organic brain in its inertial frame of reference may not be synchronized with the death of the unconscious, thus admitting to something like an afterlife. In conclusion, scientists should conduct further research as a follow-up to this early paper in order to gain a deeper understanding of death, an event that is inevitable for us all and has profound consequences.
Aharonova, Y., Cashera, A., & Nussinova, S. (1987). The Unitarity Puzzle and Planck Mass Stable Particles. Physics Letters B, 191, 51-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(87)91320-7
Allen, A. D. (1998a). A Novel Use of Very Long Baseline Interferometry to Photograph Past Events for Stellar and Planetary Sciences: Implications for Basic Theory. Physics Essays, 11, 132-136. https://doi.org/10.4006/1.3028751
Allen, A. D. (1998b). Method for Measuring Retarded Light through Very Long Baseline Interferometry and Natural or Artificial Diffraction Effects. U. S. Patent No. 5,847,830.
Allen, A. D. (2012). The Weatherman Who Fell Down a Black Hole: What He Can Teach Us about Reality. Physics Essays, 25, 76-83. https://doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-25.1.76
Axelrod, D. I., & Bailey, H. P. (1968). Cretaceous Dinosaur Extinction. Evolution, 22, 595-611. https://doi.org/10.2307/2406883
Bates, B. C., & Stanley, A. (1985). The Epidemiology and Differential Diagnosis of Near-Death Experience. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 55, 542-549. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.1985.tb02704.x
Becker, L., Poreda, R. J., Hunt, A. G., Bunch, T. E., & Rampino, M. (2001). Impact Event at the Permian-Triassic Boundary: Evidence from Extraterrestrial Noble Gases in Fullerenes. Science, 291, 1530-1533. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1057243
Bernat, J. L., Culver, C. M., & Gert, B. (1981). On the Definition and Criterion of Death. Annals of Internal Medicine, 94, 389-394. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-94-3-389
Bonaparte, M. (1940). Time and the Unconscious. The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis; London, 21, 427.
Bowring, S. A., Erwin, D. H., Jin, Y. G., Martin, M. W., Davidek, K., & Wang, W. (1998). U/Pb Zircon Geochronology and Tempo of the End-Permian Mass Extinction. Science, 280, 1039-1045. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.280.5366.1039
Brevik, I., & Gorbunova, O. (2005). Dark Energy and Viscous Cosmology. General Relativity and Gravitation, 37, 2039-2045. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-005-0178-9
Car, B. (2009). Universe or Multiverse? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cargile, J. (1966). Pascal’s Wager. Philosophy, 41, 250-257. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003181910005871X
Cartwright, J. (2014). Zombie Cosmos: Are We Living in a Dead Universe? New Scientist, 221, 32-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0262-4079(14)60633-3
Cornwall, J. M., Levin, D. N., & Tiktopoulos, G. (1974). Derivation of Gauge Invariance from High-Energy Unitarity Bounds on the S Matrix. Physical Review D, 10, 1145-1167. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.10.1145
Cornwall, J. M., Levin, D. N., & Tiktopoulos, G. (1975). Erratum: Derivation of Gauge Invariance from High-Energy Unitarity Bounds on the S Matrix. Physical Review D, 11, 972. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.11.972
Dewitt, B. S., & Graham, N. (1973). The Many Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Dudley, R. (1998). Atmospheric Oxygen, Giant Paleozoic Insects and the Evolution of Aerial Locomotor Performance. Journal of Experimental Biology, 201, 1043-1050.
Ekstrom, S. R. (2004). The Mind beyond Our Immediate Awareness: Freudian, Jungian, and Cognitive Models of the Unconscious. Analytical Psychology, 49, 657-682. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-8774.2004.00494.x
Feynman, R. P., Hibbs, A. R., & Styer, D. F. (2005). Quantum Mechanics and Path Integrals. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications.
Godel, K. (1938). The Consistency of the Axiom of Choice and of the Generalized Continuum-Hypothesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 24, 556-557. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.24.12.556
Greenhouse, P. K., Kuzminsky, B., Martin, S. C., & Merryman, T. (2006). Calling a Condition Help. American Journal of Nursing, 106, 63-66. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000446-200611000-00021
Greyson, B. (1997). The Near-Death Experience as a Focus of Clinical Attention. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 185, 327-334. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199705000-00007
Greyson, B. (2000). Dissociation in People Who Have Near-Death Experiences: Out of Their Bodies or out of Their Minds? Lancet, 355, 460-463. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(99)07305-5
Greyson, B. (2007). Consistency of Near-Death Experience Accounts over Two Decades: Are Reports Embellished over Time? Resuscitation, 73, 407-411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.10.013
Griffiths, D. J. (2017). Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hagglund, T.-B. (2001). Timelessness as a Positive and Negative Experience. The Scandinavian Psychoanalytic Review, 24, 83-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/01062301.2001.10592620
Jansen, K. L. R. (1990). Neuroscience and the Near-Death Experience: Roles for the NMSA-PCP Receptor, the Sigma Receptor and the Endopsychosins. Medical Hypotheses, 31, 25-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-9877(90)90048-J
Jansen, K. L. R. (1997). The Ketamine Model of the Near-Death Experience: A Central Role for the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor. Journal of Near-Death Studies, 16, 5-26. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025055109480
Kansal, A., & Havill, K. (2012). The Effects of Introduction of New Observation Charts and Calling Criteria on Call Characteristics and Outcome of Hospitalised Patients. Critical Care and Resuscitation, 14, 38-43.
Lange, R., Greyson, B., & Houran, J. (2004). A Rasch Scaling Validation of a “Core” Near-Death Experience. British Journal of Psychology, 95, 161-177. https://doi.org/10.1348/000712604773952403
Lustbader, D., O’Hara, D., Wijdicks, E. F. M., MacLean, L., Tajik, W., Ying, A., Berg, E., & Goldstein, M. (2011). Second Brain Death Examination May Negatively Affect Organ Donation. Neurology, 76, 119-124. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182061b0c
Marshall, C. R. (2006). Explaining the Cambrian “Explosion” of Animals. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 34, 355-384. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.33.031504.103001
Nelson, K. R., Mattingly, M., Lee, S. A., & Schmitt, F. A. (2006). Does the Arousal System Contribute to near Death Experience? Neurology, 66, 1003-1009. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000204296.15607.37
Parnia, S., Waller, D. G., Yeates, R., & Fenwick, P. (2001). A Qualitative and Quantitative Study of the Incidence, Features and Aetiology of Near Death Experiences in Cardiac Arrest Survivors. Resuscitation, 48, 149-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-9572(00)00328-2
Primas, H. (2003). Between Mind and Matter. Mind and Matter, 1, 81-119.
Rattet, S. L., & Bursik, K. (2001). Investigating the Personality Correlates of Paranormal Belief and Precognitive Experience. Personality and Individual Differences, 31, 433- 444. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00148-3
Raymer, M. G. (1997). Measuring the Quantum Mechanical Wave Function. Contemporary Physics, 38, 343-355. https://doi.org/10.1080/001075197182315
Schoillberger, P. (2008). An Apologia for the Human Mind. Group Analysis, 41, 5-33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0533316408088409
Schulte, P., Alegret, L., Arenillas, I., Arz, J. A., Barton, P. J., Bown, P. R., Bralower, T. J., Christeson, G. L., Claeys, P., Cockell, C. S., Collins G. S., Deutsch, A., Goldin, T. J., Goto, K., Grajales-Nishimura, J. M., Grieve, R. A. F., Gulick, S. P. S., Johnson, K. R., Kiessling, W., Koeberl, C., Kring, D. A., MacLeod, K. G., Matsui, T., Melosh, J., Montanari, A., Morgan, J. V., Neal, C. R., Nichols, D. J., Norris, R. D., Pierazzo, E., Ravizza, G., Rebolledo-Vieyra, M., Reimold, W. U., Robin, E., Salge, T., Speijer, R. P., Sweet, A. R., Urrutia-Fucugauchi, J., Vajda, V., Whalen, M. T., & Willumsen, P. S. (2010). The Chicxulub Asteroid Impact and Mass Extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary. Science, 327, 1214-1218. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1177265
Spence, D. P. (1990). Theories of the Mind: Science or Literature? Poetics Today, 11, 329-347. https://doi.org/10.2307/1772620
Susskind, L. (1997). Black Holes and the Information Paradox. Scientific American, 276, 52-57. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0497-52
Tegmark, M. (2004). Ch. 21: Parallel Universes. In J. D. Barrow, P. C. W. Davies, & C. L. Harper (Eds.), Science and Ultimate Reality: Quantum Theory, Cosmology, and Complexity (pp. 459-491). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511814990.024
Wehner, F., Wehner, H.-D, Schieffer, M. C., & Subke, J. (2000). Delimitation of the Time of Death by Immunohistochemical Detection of Thyroglobulin. Forensic Science International, 110, 199-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0379-0738(00)00177-8
Wolfle, D. L. (1937). Review of Rhine, J. B. Extra-Sensory Perception. The Journal of Educational Research, 30, 708-710.
Zeki, S. (2002). Neural Concept Formation & Art Dante, Michelangelo, Wagner Something, and Indeed the Ultimate Thing, Must Be Left over for the Mind to Do. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 9, 53-76.