Ecofeminist Theologies Challenge Domination
- 1 Greek Evangelical Church, Synodic Committee: Sanctity of Life, Ecology, Athens, Greece
Abstract
Because power and control offer a sense of superiority to the ruler, both women and nature are dominated. In analyzing domination and its various forms, all share certain features: 1) A radical exclusion, making the “other” known as both inferior and separate. 2) Homogenization differences and diversity within the otherness is disregarded and domination appears as natural. 3) Women and nature act as backgrounds to the main, masculine activities; slaves exist as background to the dominant group. 4) Incorporation means to identify the other in relation to man as central. 5) Instrumentalism means that social worth is derived instrumentally according to the desires of the ruler. This substructure provides an analytical tool. Ecofeminist Theology seeks a theology beyond dualisms.1
- Antonio, E. (2002). Black Theology. In Rowland (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Liberation Theology. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
- Chamlin, J. K. (1993). Psychology. In G. F. Howthorne, R. P. Martin, & D. G. Reid (Eds.), Dictionary of Paul and His Letters. Leicester: InterVarsity Press.
- Clarke, C. (2002). Living in Connection. Warminster: Creation Spirituality Books.
- Dihle (1999). In G. Kittel & G. Friedrich (Eds.),Theological Dictionary of the New Testament (pp.611-612). Bromiley, G. W. Trans. Vol. IX, Φ-Ω .Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.
- Eaton, H. (2005). Introducing Ecofeminist Theologies. New York: T & T International.
- Fiorenza, S. (2002) Bread Not Stone. Boston: Beacon Press.
- Grey, M. (2004). Ecofeminism and Christian Theology. In L. Vischer (Ed.), Listening to Creation Groaning. Geneva: John Knox Series.
- Gutierrez, G. (1999). The Task and Content of Liberation Theology. Condor, J. Trans. In Rowland (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Liberation Theology . Cambridge: Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.1017/ccol0521461448.002
- Habel, N. (2000). Guiding Ecojustice Principles. In N. C. Habel (Ed.), The Earth Story in Genesis. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.
- Irenaeus Bishop of Lyon (2003). Against heresies. In C. Keller (Ed.), Face of the Deep. London: Routledge.
- Jacob (1999). The Anthropology of the Old Testament. In G. Friedrich (Ed.), Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. Grand Rapids: WM. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.
- Lerner, G. (1988). The Creation of Patriarchy. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Merchant, C. (1980). The Death of Nature Women, Ecology and the Scientific Revolution. New York: HarperSanFrancisco.
- Mies, M. (1986). Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale: Women in the International Division of Labour. London: Zed Books.
- Mies, M. (1993). Women have no Fatherland. In: M. Mies, & V. Shiva (Eds.), Ecofeminism. London: Red Books.
- Miller, P. (1993). Whatever Happened to the Soul? Theology Today, 50/4.
- Moltmann, J. (1985). The Gifford Lectures 1984-5, God in Creation: An Ecological Doctrine of Creation. London: SCM Press.
- Montague, S. (Ed.) (1928). Malleus Maleficarum. London: J. Rodker, cited in: Ruether, R. R. “Ecofeminism Symbolic and Social Connections of the Oppression of Women and the Domination of Nature”.