This paper discusses the formation of the Presidency as an institution and the presidential rule in Georgia, as well as some attempts by leaders in power to change and strengthen the Presidency. Until 2010, changes in the Presidency had been meant to strengthen the institution, but the 2010 constitutional changes made prime minister the head of the executive branch and significantly limited the powers of the president. This paper discusses the process of est ablishing the Presidency according to the terms of three Presidents of Geor gia — Zviad Gamsakhurdia, Eduard Shevardnadze and Mikheil Saakashvili. The process of power formation is discussed within Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of social capital and social space/fields. The analysis focuses on the context, importance of personal capital, interaction with socially relevant ac tors/agents, steps taken to strengthen the personal power, development of media content, and the impact of procedural changes on the institutional sustainability.
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Sakartvelos resp’ublik’is k’anoni “sakartvelos resp’ublik’is k’onst’it’utsiashi (dziritad k’anonshi) tsvlilebebis shet’anis shesakheb [Law of the Republic of Georgia “On Amendments to the Constitution (Basic Law) of the Republic of Georgia”] (1990a). Pub. Umaghlesi Sabch’os Uts’q’ebebi, No. 20-Is. https://dspace.nplg.gov.ge/bitstream/1234/290380/1/Umaglesi_Sabchos_Uwyebebi_1990_N11.pdf
Sakartvelos resp’ublik’is k’anoni “sakartvelos resp’ublik’is k’onstitutsiisa da k’anonmdeblobis mokmedebis shesakheb” [Law of the Republic of Georgia on the Constitution and Legislation of the Republic of Georgia] (1991b, April 10). sakartvelos resp’ublik’a, 4.
Sakartvelos resp’ublik’is k’anoni “sakartvelos resp’ublik’is prezident’is tanamdebobis datsesebisa da amastan dak’avshirebit` sakartvelos resp’ublik’is k’onst’it’uciashi tsvlilebebisa da damat’ebebis shet’anis shesakheb” [The Law of the Republic of Georgia on the Establishment of the Office of the President of the Republic of Georgia and Amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of Georgia] (1991d, April 16). sakartvelos resp’ublik’a, 1-2.
Sakartvelos resp’ublik’is k’anoni “sakartvelos resp’ublik’is uzenaesi sabch’os archevnebis shesakheb” sakartvelos resp’ublik’is k’anonshi tsvlilebebis da damatebebis shet’anis shesakheb [The Law of the Republic of Georgia on Changes and Amendments to the Law of the Republic of Georgia on Elections of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia] (a) (1990b). Pub. Umaghlesi Sabch’os Uts’q’ebebi. https://dspace.nplg.gov.ge/bitstream/1234/290446/1/Umaglesi_Sabchos_Uwyebebi_1991_N8.pdf
Sakartvelos resp’ublik’is k’anoni “sakhelmts’ipos shesakheb” [The Law of the Republic of Georgia “On the State”] (1992d, November 10). sakartvelos resp’ublik’a, 2.
Sakartvelos resp’ublik’is k’anoni sakartvelos resp’ublik’is p’rezident’is p’at’ivisa da ghirsebis datsvis shesakheb [Law of the Republic of Georgia on Protection of the Honor and Dignity of the President of the Republic of Georgia] (1991j, May 24). sakartvelos resp’ublik’a, 1.
Sakartvelos resp’ublik’is mtavrobashi [In the Government of the Republic of Georgia] (1991h, April 17). sakartvelos resp’ublik’a, 2.
Sakartvelos resp’ublik’is p’rezident’is baton zviad gamsakhurdias gamosvla sakartvelos t’eleviziit 1991 ts’lis 28 aprils [Speech of the President of the Republic of Georgia Mr. Zviad Gamsakhurdia on Georgian Television on April 28, 1991] (1991e, May 1). sakartvelos resp’ublik’a, 1.
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Sakartvelos sakhelmts’ipoebrivi damouk’ideblobis aghdgenis akt’i [Act on Restoration of State Independence of Georgia] (1991a, April 10). sakartvelos resp’ublik’a, 1.
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Sakhelmts’ipo movalea uzrunvelq’os archevnebshi mokalaket’a nebis gamokhat’vis sruli tavisupleba [The State Is Obliged to Ensure Complete Freedom of Expression of the Will of Citizens in Elections] (1995, August 15). sakartvelos resp’ublik’a, 1, 2.
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