A comprehensive in vitro study on single and sequential extraction methods for Cu exraction by different extractants of distinct chemical nature from some peat soils of Bangladesh was conducted to assess the pattern of metal-extractability in drying and wetting sequences. Samples were collected from peat basins of two different districts of Bangladesh (Gopalgonj and Bagerhat) and an incubation study was designed and conducted in which soils were incubated to three alternate drying and wetting cycles for 21 days. Single and sequentially extracted Cu ions in all three cycles and by all three selective extractants were compared. Maximum amount of Cu was extracted in drying days and 1M HCl extracted the largest proportion of Cu from all the soils in each incubation time. Conversely, 1M NH 4 Cl was the least effective extractant for extracting Cu by both single and sequential process in either day of incubation. Considerable amount of Cu was extracted by 0.005 M DTPA in dry periods. In general, single extraction was found to be more effective in extracting Cu in the alternate drying and wetting cycles from the peat soil samples except for 1M HCl in initial drying days.
KeywordsCopperSingle and Sequential ExtractionNH4ClDTPAHClPeat Soil
Imamul Huq, S.M. and Shoaib, J.U. (2013) Problem Soils. In: Hartemink, A. E., Ed., The Soils of Bangladesh, Springer, Dordrecht, Heidelburg, New York, 57-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1128-0_7
Masud, M.M., Moniruzzaman, M. and Rashid, M.M. (2011) Management and Conservation of Organic Peat Soils for Sustainable Crop Production in Bangladesh. Bulletin of the Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kyushu University, 34, 93-101.
Du Liang, G. (2011) Redox Metal Processes and Controls in Estuaries. In: Wolanski, E. and McLusky, D., Eds., Treaties on Estuarine and Coastal Science, Vol. 4, Academic Press, Cambridge, 115-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374711-2.00406-X
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) (1951) Soil Survey Manual. Handbook No. 18, Soil Survey Staff, Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils and Agricultural Engineering, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington DC, 205.
Sanchary, I.J., Kabir, K. and Huq, S.M.I. (2019) Macro and Micro Nutrient Supply to Soil and Plants from Sugar Mill Mud. Agricultural Sciences, 10, 164-172. https://doi.org/10.4236/as.2019.102014
Walkley, A. and Black, I.A. (1934) An Examination of Degtjareff Method for Determining Soil Organic Matter and a Proposed Modification of the Chromic Acid Titration Method. Soil Science, 37, 29-38. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-193401000-00003
Piper, C.G. (1950) Soil and Plant Analysis. Hans Publishers, Bombay, 1-35.
Imamul Huq, S.M. and Alam, M.D. (2005) A Handbook on Analyses of Soil, Plant and Water. Bangladesh Australia Centre for Environmental Research (BACER). University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, 1-246.
Portman, J.E. and Riley, J.P. (1964) Determination of Arsenic in Seawater, Marine Plants and Silicate and Carbonate Sediments. Analytica Chimica Acta, 31, 509-519. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)88870-4
Krishnamurti, G.S.R., Huang, P.M., Van Rees, K.C.J., Kozak, L.M. and Rostead, H.P.W. (1995) A New Soil Test Method for Determination of Plant Available Cadmium in Soils. Commun. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 26, 2857-2867. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103629509369493
Lindsay, W.L. and Norvell, W.A. (1978) Development of DTPA Soil Test for Zinc, Iron, Manganese and Copper. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 42, 421-428. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1978.03615995004200030009x
Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANNZECC) and Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand (ARM-CANZ) (2000) Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality. Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council and Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand, Canberra, Chapter 3, 1-103.
Soil Survey Manual (1993) Soil Survey Division Staff, Soil Conservation Service. Handbook No. 18, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington DC.
Tilley, N. (2021) Copper and Soil—How Copper Affects Plants. Soil, Fixes & Fertilizers. Gardening-Know How. https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/soil-fertilizers/copper-for-the-garden.htm
Rao, C.R.M., Sahuquillo, A. and Sanchez, J.F.L. (2008) A Review of the Different Methods Applied in Environmental Geochemistry For Single and Sequential Extraction of Trace Elements in Soils and Related Materials. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 189, 291-333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9564-0
Mellum, H.K., Arnesen, A.K.M. and Singh, B.R. (1998) Extractability and Plant Uptake of Heavy Metals in Alum Shale Soils. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 29, 1183-1198. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103629809370019
Kashem, M.A. and Singh, B.R. (2004) Transformations in Solid Phase Species of Metals as Affected by Flooding and Organic Matter. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 35, 1435-1456. https://doi.org/10.1081/CSS-120037556
Gambrell, R.P. and Patrick, W.H. (1988) The Influence of Redox Potential on the Environmental Chemistry of Contaminants in Soils and Sediments. In: Hook, D. Ed., The Ecology and Management of Wetlands, Timber Press, Portland, 319-333.
Haldar, M. and Mandal, L.N. (1979) Influence of Soil Moisture Regimes and Organic Matter Application on the Extractable Zn and Cu content in Rice Soils. Plant and Soil, 53, 203-213. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02181891
Leggett, G.E. and Argyle, D.P. (1983) The DTPA-Extractable Iron, Manganese, Copper, and Zinc from Neutral and Calcareous Soils Dried under Different Conditions. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 47, 518-522. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1983.03615995004700030025x
Shuman, L.M. (1980) Effects of Soil Temperature, Moisture and Airdrying on Extractable Manganese, Iron, Copper, and Zinc. Soil Science, 130, 336-343. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198012000-00008
Ure, A.M. and Davidson, C.M. (2001) Chemical Speciation in the Environment. Blackie, Glasgow, 464. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470988312
Khan, A. and Soltanpour, P.N. (1978) Effect of Wetting and Drying DTPA Extractable Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu in Soils. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 9, 193-202. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103627809366800
Tack, F.M.G. and Verloo, M.G. (1999) Single Extractions versus Sequential Extraction for the Estimation of Heavy Metal Fractions in Reduced and Oxidized Degraded Sediments. Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability, 11, 43-50. https://doi.org/10.3184/095422999782775708
Basta, N.T., Ryan, J.A. and Chaney, R.L. (2005) Trace Element Chemistry in Residual-Treated Soil: Key Concepts and Metal Bioavailability. Journal of Environmental Quality, 34, 49-63. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0049dup