Study of a Toposequence of West Mayo-Kani Soils (Far North Cameroon) — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Study of a Toposequence of West Mayo-Kani Soils (Far North Cameroon)
Management of Water Resources, Soils and Environment, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
,
Institute of Agronomic Research for Development (IRAD) of Garoua, Garoua, Cameroon
,
Laboratory of Geology, Geomorphology and Remote Sensing, University of N’Djamena, N’Djamena, Chad
,
Laboratory of Geology, Geomorphology and Remote Sensing, University of N’Djamena, N’Djamena, Chad
1 Management of Water Resources, Soils and Environment, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
2 Institute of Agronomic Research for Development (IRAD) of Garoua, Garoua, Cameroon
3 Laboratory of Geology, Geomorphology and Remote Sensing, University of N’Djamena, N’Djamena, Chad
4 Laboratory of Geology, Geomorphology and Remote Sensing, University of N’Djamena, N’Djamena, Chad
The soils of Gadas, object of the present study, are identified on the macromorphological, physico-chemical level and the indices of erodibility are related to their physico-chemical properties. The physico-chemical analyzes were carried out by standard methods. The macromorphological analysis of a toposequence made it possible to identify five types of soils: the lithosols which occupy the high zones of the landscape, the colluvial soils (arenosols, regosols) which are located high on the piedmont, alluvial soils (fluvisols) which are located at the bottom of the slope in the alluvial plain and are the most extensive, topomorphic vertisols, and brown soils formed on granite are located either between a colluvial soil and alluvial soil. Physico-chemical analyzes of the soils of Gadas show that these soils are weakly acidic to neutral, sandy to sandy-clayey, saturated, low in nitrogen and organic matter and characterized by average proportions of exchangeable bases. The study of soil erodibility, based on the use of erodibility indices, showed that alluvial soils and brown soils formed on granites are the most susceptible to erosion, whereas vertisols and colluvial soils are the least vulnerable to erosion.
KeywordsFar North CameroonWest Mayo-KaniGadasSoilsErodibility
Souoré, I. (2008) Morphologie, caractéristiques physico-chimiques et érodibilite des sols de boboyo (Extrême-Nord-Cameroun). Mémoire de DEA, 92p.
Souoré, I. (2018) Les sols de Mayo-kani Ouest: Morphologie, minéralogie, géochimie, physico-chimie et érodibilité (région de l’extrême-nord-Cameroun). Doctoral Thesis, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, 288 p.
Boli Baboulé, Z., Bep a Ziem, B. and Roose. E. (1991) Impact de l’érosion sur la productivité végétale sur sols sableux en zone soudanienne du Nord Cameroun. Bull. Réseau d’érosion, 11, 127-138.
Roose. E. (1994) Introduction à la gestion conservatoire de l’eau, de la biomasse et de la fertilité des sols (GCES). FAO, Montpellier, France, 420 p.
Van Der Pol, F. (1992) Soil Mining: An Unseen Contributor to Farm Income Sounthern Mali. Bulletin 325, Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, 48 p.
Bacyé, B. (1993) Influence des systèmes de culture sur l’évolution du statut organique et minéral des sols ferrugineux et hydromorphes de la zone soudanosahélienne (province du Yatenga, Burkina-Faso). Université d’Aix-Marseille III, Marseille.
Yemefack, M., Nounama, L., Njongang, R. and Bilong, P., (2002) Effets of Natural Fallow on Topsoil Properties and Subsequent Crop Yields in a Forest Oxisoil of Southern Cameroon. Proceedings of 17th World Congress of Soil Science, 14-21 August 2002, Bangkok.
Batiano, A., Kihara, J., Vanlauwe, B., Waswa, B. and Kimetu, J. (2006) Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics, Functions and Management in West Africa Agro-Ecosystems. Agricultural System, 94, 13-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.08.011
Martin, D. (1963) Carte pédologique du Nord-Cameroun 1/100000: Feuille Kaele. IRCAM, Yaoundé, 101 p.
Brabant, P. and Gavaud, M. (1985) Sols et ressources en terre du Nord-Cameroun. ORSTOM, Paris, France, 369 p.
Nguetnkan, J.P. (2004) Les argiles des vertisols et des sols fersialitiques de l’Extrême Nord Cameroun: Genèse, propriétés cristallochimiques et texturales, typologie et applications à la décoloration des huiles végétales. The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, 216 p.
Barthès, B., Albrecht, A., Asseline, J., de Noni, G., Roose, E. and Viennol, M. (1998) Pratiques culturales et érodibilité du sol dans les rougiers de Camarès (Aveyron). Etude et Gestion des Sols, 5, 157-170.
Middleton, H.E. (1930) Properties of Soils Which Influence Soil Erosion. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 81, 119-121. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1930.036159950B1120010021x
Igwe, C.A. Akamigbo, F.O.R. and Mbagwu, J.S.C. (1995) Physical Properties of Soils of Southeastern Nigeria and the Role of Some Aggregating Agents in Their Stability. Soil Science, 160, 431-441. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199512000-00009
Igwé, C.A. (2001) Clay Dispersion of Selected Aeolian Soils of Northen Nigeria in Relation to Sodicity and Organic Carbon Content. Arid Land Research and Management, 15, 147-155. https://doi.org/10.1080/15324980151062788
Igwe, C.A. (2003) Erodibility of Soils of the Upper Rain Forest Zone, Southeastern Nigeria. Land Degradation & Development, 14, 324-334. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.554
Igwe, C.A. (2005) Erodibility in Relation to Water-Dispersible Clay for Some Soils of Eastern Nigeria. Land Degradation & Development, 16, 87-96. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.647
Cerdan, O. (2001) Analyse et modélisation du transfert des particules solides à l’échelle de petits bassins versants cultivés. Université d’Orleans, Orléans, 17-34.
Brubaker, S.C., Holzhey, C.S. and Brasher, B.R. (1992) Estimating the Water-Dispersible Clay Content of Soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 56, 1227-1232. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1992.03615995005600040036x
Beernaert, F. and Bitondo, D. (1992) Simple Practical Methods to Evaluate Analytical Data of Soil Profiles. CUDs Dschang Soil Sciences Department, Belgium Cooperation, Dschang, 66 p.
Duchaufour, P. (2001) Introduction à la Science du Sol: Sol, Végétation, Environnement. Dunod, Paris, 331 p.
Dudal, R. (1967) Sols argileux foncés des régions tropicales et subtropicales. FAO, Paris, France, 172 p.
Chenu, C., Le Bissonnais, Y. and Arrouays, D. (2000) Organic Matter Influence on Clay Wettability and Soil Aggregate Stability. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 64, 1479-1486. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2000.6441479x
Emerson, W.W. (1977) Physical Properties and Structure. In: Russel, J.S. and Greacen, E.I., Eds., Soil Factors in Crop Production in a Semi Arid Environment, University of Queensland Press, Brisbane, 778-804.
Kretzchmar, R., Holtholff, H. and Sticher, H. (1998) Influence of PH and Humic Acid on Coagulation Kinetics of Kaolinite: A Dynamic Light Scattering Study. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 202, 95-103. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1998.5440
Mullins, C.E., MacLeod, D.A., Northcote, K.H., Tisdall, J.M. and Young, I.M. (1990) Hardsetting Soils: Behavior, Occurrence, and Management. In: Lal, R. and Stewart, B.A., Eds., Advances in Soil Science, Springer, New York, 37-108. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3322-0_2
Kjaergaard, C., Hansen, H.C.B., Koch, C.B. and Villholth, K.G. (2004) Properties of Water Dispersible Colloid from Macropore Deposits and Bulk Horizons of an Agrudal. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 68, 1844-1851. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2004.1844
Seta, A.K. and Karathanasis, A.D. (1996) Water Dispersible Colloids and Factors Influencing Their Dispersibility from Soil Aggregates. Geoderma, 74, 255-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7061(96)00066-3
Bonneau, M. and Souchier, B. (1994) Pédologie. 2, Constituants et propriétés du sol. 2nd Edition, Masson, Paris, 665 p.
de Oliveira, T.S., de Costa, L.M and Schaefer, C.E. (2005) Water-Dispersible Clay after Wetting and Drying Cycles in Four Brazilian Oxisols. Soil and Tillage Research, 83, 260-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.08.008