Sediment Quality Assessment on Bartlett Pond in Laredo, Southern Texas, USA

Abstract

This study evaluates the dynamics of trace metals impacts on the ecosystems of the Bartlett Pond, a small shallow wetland pond located in Laredo, Texas by analyzing sediment samples taken from four quadrants of the pond. The concentrations of trace elements in sediment samples are highest for iron (Fe), followed by chromium (Cr), then lead (Pb), with lower concentration of antimony (Sb), cobalt (Co), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and the lowest concentration being thallium (Tl) within Bartlett Pond. The sediment quality of the pond is acceptable for organisms and the environment as trace element concentrations (e.g. As, Cd, Cr, and Pb) are within the probable effect concentration (PEC) of National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) guidelines although the PEC values for Co, Fe, Sb and Tl are not given. Bivariate and multivariate correlation analysis shows that most trace elements exhibit a strong positive correlation among them indicating the same anthropogenic sources and biogeochemical processes control these trace elements concentrations within the pond. We provided a comprehensive snapshot of trace element concentrations in sediments through descriptive analysis, laying the foundation for future environmental risk assessments. Correlation analysis of eight trace elements helped identify relationships, offering insights into pollution sources and potential health impacts. Additionally, univariate and multivariate predictive analyses generated numerous models, extending beyond the interpretation of partial and full regression coefficients. We also included graphical analyses of trace element variations, which are critical for understanding environmental processes and geochemical patterns. These findings advance our understanding about trace metals dynamics in sediments and may be a valuable reference for ecosystems and environmental management of different landscapes.