Bladder Cancer: Epidemiological, Clinical and Histopathological Aspects at the University Hospital Point G, Mali

Abstract

Introduction: Bladder cancer is a new tissue formation most often of urothelial origin with potential for local, locoregional and distant invasion. Among its risk factors, urinary bilharzia is endemic in our study area. The aim of our study was to present the epidemiological, clinical and histopathological aspects of bladder cancer in our department. Patients and method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study over a 12-month period from January 1 to December 31, 2019. The study took place in the urology department of the university hospital Point “G”. It included all patients hospitalized for bladder cancer. The epidemiological, clinical and histopathological characteristics have been sought and described. Results: A total of 74 patients were included in the study. Bladder cancer was the leading cause of cancer, accounting for 57.9% of all urological cancers. The mean age of the patients was 52.8 ± 16.25 years. A slight male predominance was observed with a sex-ratio of 1.2. Housewives were the most represented with 43.2% followed by farmers with 24.3%. Hematuria was the reason for consultation in 87.8% cases. The main risk factors found were urinary schistosomiasis (48.6%) and smoking (31.1%). These two factors were associated in 23.0% of cases. At diagnosis, 85.7% of patients were classified as T3 or T4 stage. Squamous cell carcinoma with 58.2% was the most common histological type followed by urothelial carcinoma in 26.0% of cases. Conclusion: Bladder cancer is very common of cancer in hospitalized patients in our department. Diagnosis is more often made at an advanced stage. The most common histological type is squamous cell carcinoma.