Urolithiasis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aspects in Urology Department of N’Djamena in Chad

Abstract

Introduction: To study the clinical, paraclinical, diagnostic aspects and manage patients with urolithiasis according to the available technical facilities in urology department of N’Djamena in Chad. Urolithiasis is defined as the presence of one or more stony concretions located at any level of a segment of the urinary tract: calyx, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder and urethra. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive type of a prospective study over a period of 4 years, from January 2008 to December 2011, involving 233 patients with urolithiasis treated in the urology department. Clinical and paraclinical examinations were the basis for the selection of patients. Informed consent of patient or their parents (for minors) was obtained for the anonymous use of records and photographs for scientific aims. Results: Urolithiasis represented 5.72% (233/4072) of all urological pathologies. Male dominance was significant with a sex ratio of 4.5/1. The age group of 0 - 10 years was the most affected with a staff of 67 (28.75%). The clinic was dominated by dysuria (44.63%), renal colic (33.91%) and hematuria (9.01%). The main anatomical location was bladder (62.23%). The management was essentially medical and surgical. We recorded 7 cases of death or post-interventional hospital mortality rate of 3%. Conclusion: Urolithiasis is a real public health problem in Chad. Due to the inadequacy of the technical platform, the management was based on the open surgery. Etiological research was impossible by lack of technical laboratory platform.