Incidence and Risk Factors of Surgical Site Infections in Urological Surgery at Brazzaville Teaching Hospital

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the incidence of surgical site infection in the Urology Department of Brazzaville teaching hospital. Methods: This was a prospective study performed in the Urology Department and operating room of the Brazzaville teaching hospital during six months from February 2 nd to July 2 nd 2017. The study concerned all patients who had undergone surgery, selected during the operating program and those who had been in emergency and then hospitalized in the urology department. These patients were followed for one month after the intervention date. Results: 209 patients were operated on of whom 48 had surgical site infection, a cumulative incidence of 22.96%. The average age of infected patients was 58.3 years ± 17.73 ds (extremes from 13 to 85 years). 43.75% infected patients had co-morbidity factors. The SSI rate was 70% in patients with positive urine culture. Urinary catheters were found in 33.33% of patients. The average length of preoperative hospital stay was two days. The rate of SSI in patients classified Asa I was 10.41%, Asa II 37.5% and Asa III 52.09%. The SSI rate was respectively 5.21%, 56.76% and 38.03%. The infected patients operated first in the operative program accounted for 10.42%. The group of patients who underwent prostatic surgery accounted for 42.58% of patients with an SSI rate of 47.91%. The practice of aseptic measures by staff was found in 70% of cases. The infection rate in patients with drain was 73.23%. The infection rate in patients with catheters was 54.26%. The SSI was superficial in 66.67% of cases, deep in 25% of cases and organ in 8.33% of cases. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated germ 50%. Conclusion: Surgical site infection (ISO) is a common feature in our practice. The advanced age of patients and comorbidity factors are associated with a high risk of occurrence of SSI. These infections were not inevitable, their incidence can be greatly reduced by specific preventive measures.