Urological Cancers in Burkina Faso: Epidemiological and Anatomopathological Aspects of 2204 Cases

Abstract

Purpose: To study the epidemiological and anatomopathological aspects of urological cancers in Burkina Faso from 1988 to 2018. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective and descriptive study of histologically confirmed cancers that are collected from pathological anatomy laboratory records. The aspects studied were age, sex, location and histological type. Results: A total of 2204 cases of urological cancer were collected. The predominance was male with a sex-ratio of 9.6. The average age was 63.32 years. We found 1602 cases of prostate cancer (72.68%), 361 cancers of the bladder and excretory tract (16.4%), 180 cancers of the kidney (8.16%), 33 testis cancers (1.5%) and 28 penile cancers (1.3%). The predominant histological type of prostate cancer was adenocarcinoma (96.4%) with a Gleason score 7 in 30.4% of cases. Bladder cancer consisted of 50% epidermoid carcinomas. Kidney cancer was mostly nephrotoblastomas with 42.2% of cases. We noted 42.4% of seminomas among testis cancers and 89.3% of epidermoid carcinomas within penile cancers. Conclusion: The incidence of urological cancers is increasing in Burkina Faso. These cancers occur at a relatively advanced age with male predominance. Prostate cancers are at the forefront of these urological cancers. The establishment of a cancer registry would allow better follow up of cancers in our countries.