Magnesium Deficiency in South Africa —Insights from an Expert Consensus Panel

Abstract

Backgro und: Magnesium is an essential micronutrient, the deficiency of which is associated with chronic diseases such as neurological, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal disorders, posing a considerable health burden. Despite its importance for a healthy life, dietary magnesium intake among South Africans is generally low, increasing the risk of deficiency. In addition, magnesium deficiency often goes unrecognised in clinical practice, highlighting the need for increased awareness and guidance on its diagnosis and management. This article provides practical recommendations from experts, to guide healthcare professionals in the timely diagnosis and management of magnesium deficiency. Methods: An expert panel comprising four experts in endocrinology, pharmacology, clinical nutrition and general practice from India and South Africa convened to develop management recommendations for magnesium deficiency. A literature review was conducted to identify key studies on the prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of magnesium deficiency. Consensus statements were created based on literature findings and panel discussions. Results: The expert panel established nine recommendations focusing on the identification of risk groups, diagnosis, the need for a simplified screening tool and the use of oral magnesium supplementation for the treatment of magnesium deficiency. Conclusion: Magnesium deficiency is a prevalent yet often overlooked condition in clinical practice. The expert panel recommends identifying at-risk groups, using a simple screening tool, and treating with oral magnesium supplements to help healthcare professionals in South Africa diagnose and manage the condition more effectively.