Investigation of Antidiabetic Effect of Ethanolic Extract of <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> Linn. Fruits in Experimental Animal Models — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Investigation of Antidiabetic Effect of Ethanolic Extract of <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> Linn. Fruits in Experimental Animal Models
Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh;
,
Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh;
,
Department of Chemistry, Dhaka College, National University, Dhaka, Bangladesh;
,
Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh;
,
Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, Australia.
1 Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh;
2 Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh;
3 Department of Chemistry, Dhaka College, National University, Dhaka, Bangladesh;
4 Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh;
5 Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, Australia.
Hypoglycemic effects were investigated in the ethanolic extract of fruits of Phyllanthus emblica Linn. with long evans rats (100 - 120 g). Residual gut sucrose content, gut perfusion and disaccharidase activity studies were carried out to assess these activities. The residual gut sucrose content study was carried out to reveal the amount of sucrose remaining in the gastro intestinal tract (GIT) at six different segments. The ethanolic fruit extract of Phyllanthus emblica Linn. significantly increases the residual sucrose content throughout the gut after sucrose ingestion. Study on intestinal enzyme activity showed that the extract caused a significant (p < 0.05), dose dependent inhibition of intestinal disaccharidase enzyme activity. Evaluation of the effect of the plant extract on intestinal enzyme activity showed significant inhibition of intestinal disaccharidase activity, suggesting that reduction of sucrose absorption may be partly related to the inhibition of disaccharidase activity in the gut. The gut perfusion analysis showed that the extract significantly reduced intestinal glucose absorption. The results of the present study suggest that ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus emblica Linn. has significant antidiabetic effects in a dose dependent manner and this may be effective in the treatment of diabetes.
S. Wild, G. Roglic, A. Green, R. Sicree and H. King, “Global Prevalence of Diabetes: Estimates for the Year 2000 and Projections for 2030,” Diabetes Care, Vol. 27, No. 5, 2004, pp. 1047-1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.27.5.1047
F. J. Alarcon-Aguilar, E. Hernandez-Galicia, A. E. Campos-Sepulveda, S. Xolalpa-Molina, G. F. Rivas-Vilchis, L. I. Vazquez-Carrillo and R. Roman-Ramos, “Evaluation of the Hypoglycemic Effect of Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché (Cucurbitaceae) in Different Experimental Models,” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Vol. 82, No. 2-3, 2002, pp. 185-189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00176-9
L. Pari and J. Umamaheswari, “Antihyperglycaemic Activity of Musa sapientum Flowers: Effect on Lipid Peroxidation in Alloxan Diabetic Rats,” Phytotherapy Research, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2000, pp. 136-138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(200003)14:2 3.0.CO;2-K
S. Umamaheswari, D. J. Leena, J. Srikanth, R. Lavanya, D. Chamundeeswari and C. R. Uma Maheswara, “Antidiabetic Activity of a Polyherbal Formulation (DIABET),” International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2010, pp. 18-22.
S. K. Mitra, S. Gopumadhan and T. S. Muralidhar, “Effect of D-400, an Ayurvedc Herbal Formulation on Experimentally Induced Diabetic Mellitus,” Phytotherapy Research, Vol. 10, No. 5, 1996, pp. 433-435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199608)10:5 3.0.CO;2-D
K. Bhattacharya, S. K. Satyan and A. A. Chakrabrati, “Effect of Trasina, an Ayurvedic Herbal Formulation, on Pancreatic Islet Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Hyperglycaemic Rats,” Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 35, No. 3, 1997, pp. 297-299.
L. PariL and G. Saravanan, “Antidiabetic Effect of Cogent db, a Herbal Drug in Alloxan-Induced Diabetes Mellitus,” Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, Vol. 131, No. 1, 2002, pp. 19-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1532-0456(01)00259-9
N. R. Farnsworth, O. Akerele, A. S. Bingel, D. D. Soejarto and Z. Guo, “Medicinal Plants Therapy,” Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Vol. 63, No. 6, 1985, pp. 965-981.
D. S. Fabricant and N. R. Farnsworth “The Value of Plants Used in Traditional Medicine for Drug Discovery,” Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 109, No. 1, 2001, pp. 69-75.
P. B. Weragoda, “Some Questions about the Future of Traditional Medicine in Developing Countries,” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Vol. 2, No. 2, 1980, pp. 193-194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(80)90015-X
M. O. Ojezele and O. M. Abatan, “Hypoglycaemic and Coronary Risk Index Lowering Effects of Bauhinia Thoningii in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats,” African Health Sciences, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2011, pp. 85-89.
M. Wais, I. Nazish, A. Samad, S. Beg, S. Abusufyan, S. A. Ajaj and M. Aqil, “Herbal Drugs for Diabetic Treatment: An Updated Review of Patents,” Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2012, pp. 53-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157489112799829701
R. Udayakumar, S. Kasthurirengan, T. S. Mariashibu, M. Rajesh, V. R. Anbazhagan, S. C. Kim, A. Ganapathi and W. C. Choi, “Hypoglycaemic and Hypolipidaemic Effects of Withania Somnifera Root and Leaf Extracts on Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats,” International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 10, No. 5, 2009, pp. 2367-2382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms10052367
C. J. Bailey and C. Day, “Traditional Plant Medicines as Treatments for Diabetes,” Diabetes Care, Vol. 12, No. 8, 1989, pp. 553-564. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.12.8.553
R. J. Marles and N. R. Farnsworth, “Antidiabetic Plants and Their Active Constituents,” Phytomedicine, Vol. 2, No. 2, 1995, pp. 137-189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(11)80059-0
B. O. Bever and G. R. Zahand, “Plant with Oral Hypoglycemic Action,” Quarterly Journal of Crude Drug Research, Vol. 17, No. 3-4, 1979, pp. 139-196.
A. B. Padavala, S. Gadde, B. Radha, V. L. Vedurupaka, S. R. Talluru, R. B. Yellapu and S. Kolli, “A Database of 389 Medicinal Plants for Diabetes,” Bioinformation, Vol. 1, No. 4, 2006, pp. 130-131. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630001130
A. Al-Aboudi and F. U. Afifi, “Plants Used for the Treatment of Diabetes in Jordan: A Review of Scientific Evidence,” Pharmaceutical Biology, Vol. 49, No. 3, 2011, pp. 221-239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2010.501802
G. B. Kavishankar, N. Lakshmidevi, S. M. Mahadeva, H. S. Prakash and S. R. Niranjana, “Diabetes and Medicinal Plants—A Review,” International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 3, 2011, pp. 65-80.
S. Elavarasi, K. Saravanan and C. Renuka, “A Systematic Review on Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Diabetes Mellitus,” International Journal of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Biological Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 3, 2013, pp. 983-992.
C. J. Bailey, C. Day, S. L. Turner and B. A. Leatherdale, “Cerasee, a Traditional Treatment for Diabetes: Studies in Normal and Streptozotocin Diabetic Mice,” Diabetes Research, Vol. 2, No. 2, 1985, pp. 81-84.
J. Sterne, “Pharmacology and Mode of Action of the Hypoglycemic Guanidine Derivatives,” In: G. D. Campbell, Ed., Oral Hypoglycemic Agents, New York Academic Press, 1969, pp. 193-245.
P. Khanna, S. C. Jain and A. Panagariya, “Hypoglycemic Activity of Polypeptide-p from a Plant Source,” Journal of Natural Products, Vol. 44, No. 6, 1981, pp. 648-655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50018a002
C. Day, “Hypoglycaemic Compounds from Plants,” In: C. J. Bailey and P. R. Flatt, Eds., New Antidiabetic Drugs, Smith-Gordon, London, 1990, pp. 267-278.
J. A. Duke, “Handbook of Medicinal Herbs,” CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1985, pp. 675-280.
J. E. Shaw, R. A. Sicree and P. Z. Zimmet, “Global Estimates of the Prevalence of Diabetes for 2010 and 2030,” Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, Vol. 87, No. 1, 2010, pp. 4-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2009.10.007
A. F. Amos, D. J. Mccarty and P. Zimmet, “The Rising Global Burden of Diabetes and Its Cmplications: Estimates and Projections to the Year 2010,” Diabetic Medicine, Vol. 14, No. 5, 1997, pp. S1-S85.
P. Zimmet, K. Alberti and J. E. Shaw, “Global and Societal Implications of the Diabetes Epidemic,” Nature, Vol. 414, No. 6865, 2001, pp. 782-787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/414782a
C. S. Yajnik, “The Insulin Resistance Epidemic in India: Fetal Origins, Later Lifestyle, or Both?” Nutrition Reviews, Vol. 59, No. 1, 2001, pp. 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2001.tb01898.x
R. Taylor and L. Agius, “The Biochemistry of Diabetes,” Biochemical Journal, Vol. 250, No. 3, 1988, pp. 625-640.
G. Paolisso, M. Barbieri, M. R. Rizzo and D. Manzella, “Prevention of Disability and Quality of Care in Aged Type II Diabetics,” Giornale Di Gerontologia, Vol. 51, No. 5, 2003, pp. 436-439.
E. Barrett-Connor and A. Ferrara, “Isolated Postchallenge Hyperglycemia and the Risk of Fatal Cardiovascular Disease in Older Women and Men: The Rancho Bernardo Study,” Diabetes Care, Vol. 21, No. 8, 1998, pp. 1236-1239. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.21.8.1236