The aim of this paper is the approach of the fundamental principles and concepts of the Stoics’ theory on humans and the soul, as well as the designation of the scientific solidity and impact this theory exerts on the psychological research, establishing the full harmonisation between the behaviour and acts of mankind and the natural development of facts as the purpose of human existence. In particular, the role of cognition, of sensation and experience, the role of impulse and familiarity, the power of reason, what passion is and its impact on mental life are some of the key issues of the Stoics’ psychological theory which this paper endeavours to address, primarily employing the Hermeneutics methodology, that of text interpretation. It considers of primary importance to provide an in-depth interpretation of the Stoics’ “Fragments” and reveal their essence and real meaning, without, of course, underestimating the importance of secondary literature.
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