Organizational Psychology on the Rise—McGregor’s X and Y Theory: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

McGregor’s theory is one of the most well-known theories based on motivation, employee behavior and job performance. According to this theory, motivation can and should be achieved in different ways based on whether the employee is categorized as Type X or Type Y according to McGregor. In this paper, a review was conducted in order to address the contribution and current findings of the theory in the modern workplace. A number of recent studies were identified and concluded with ambiguous findings which later on lead to other studies in constructing a valid scale for evaluating X and Y attitudes-behaviors and job performance. Even though this theory has not gathered substantial empirical support, it may prove to be an important framework for a better understanding of human behavior in the workplace. Directions for future research and possible applications are also mentioned.