Typology of Pregnant Women’s Bonding Emotions towards Their Foetus: A Study of Japanese Women in the First Trimester — Oak Academic Publishing
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Typology of Pregnant Women’s Bonding Emotions towards Their Foetus: A Study of Japanese Women in the First Trimester
Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Kitamura KOKORO Clinic Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan
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Department of Community Mental Health and Law, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Department of Midwifery and Women’s Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Josai International University, Chiba, Japan
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Aiiku Research Institute for Maternal, Child Health and Welfare, Imperial Gift Foundation Boshi-Aiiku-Kai, Tokyo, Japan
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T. and F. Kitamura Foundation for Studies and Skill Advancement in Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan
1 Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
2 Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
3 Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
4 Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
5 Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
6 Kitamura KOKORO Clinic Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan
7 Department of Community Mental Health and Law, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
8 Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
9 Department of Midwifery and Women’s Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
10 Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Josai International University, Chiba, Japan
11 Aiiku Research Institute for Maternal, Child Health and Welfare, Imperial Gift Foundation Boshi-Aiiku-Kai, Tokyo, Japan
12 T. and F. Kitamura Foundation for Studies and Skill Advancement in Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan
Background: Maternal emotions towards the foetus are an essential part of maternal - foetal bonding, and predict its quality and quantity. It is necessary to identify a cluster of pregnant women with maternal - foetal bonding difficulty. Objectives: To identify a cluster of pregnant women with maternal - foetal bonding difficulty and describe the character of the cluster. M ethods: An online questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate psychological issues among pregnant women at 12-15 weeks’ gestational age. Ma ternal - foetal bonding emotions, demographic and obstetric variables, attitudes towards the current pregnancy, emesis, adult attachment, depression, fear of childbirth, obsessive - compulsive symptoms, borderline personality traits, substance use, avoiding taking part in childcare, and consideration of pre gnancy termination were measured. A two-step cluster analysis was performed to classify participating women according to maternal - foetal bonding subs cale scores. Emerging clusters were compared in terms of the variables used in this study. Results: Two clusters emerged, one of which was the Foetal Bonding Disorder Cluster, characterised by significantly lower scores ( p < 0.001) in Happiness, Alpha Pride, and Beta Pride, and significantly ( p < 0.001) higher scores in Anger, Fear, Sadness, Disgust, Shame, and Guilt. Individuals in this cluster were also characterised by unhappiness with and not wanting the current pregnancy, depression, tokophobia, obsessive - compulsive symptoms, and borderline personality traits. They were more likely to avoid caring for the baby after childbirth and consider termination of the pregnancy during the study period. Limitations: Our study did not follow the participants up to childbirth. Further research should clarify confounders or mediators associated with maternal - foetal bonding disorder. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that some pregnant women suffered from potentially pathologica l maternal - foetal bonding emotions, and this was linked to many mental health problems.
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