A number of instruments to assess healthcare workers readiness to screen for Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in healthcare are now available to researchers. Before application in new settings however, pilot studies assessing their validity are warranted. : In this pilot study, we assessed the factorial structure and reliability of the Domestic Violence Healthcare Provider Survey Scale (DVHPSS) for future use in Uganda. Method : A convenient sample of healthcare workers at a referral hospital in Arua district, Uganda (n = 90) responded to the DVHPSS. Exploratory factor analysis using principle components and Cronbach’s alphas testing for internal reliability were applied on 86 complete individual responses to items of the DVHPSS. Bivariate correlations were run to assess scale distinctiveness. Results : All but one item of the DVHPSS exhibited significant factor loadings. Most subscales emerging from the factor analysis (i.e. Blame victim, professional role resistance and system support sub-scales) were congruent with the original scales. A split of the original victim/provider safety scale was however evident in the current data, forming two distinct scales i.e. victim and provider safety respectively. Items of the original perceived self-efficacy scale exhibited significant factor loadings but under separate factors, indicating that they may not be measuring a uni-dimensional concept in the Ugandan healthcare context. Conclusions : This data confirms the validity and reliability of the DVHSS for use in Uganda. It is how- ever recommended that items be scored in accordance to the specific sub-scales revealed in this study, to improve the structural validity of any assessment using the DVHPSS in Uganda.
Aimakhu, C. O., Olayemi, O., Iwe, C. A., Oluyemi, F. A., Ojoko, I. E., Shoretire, K. A., Adeniji, R. A., & Aimakhu, V. E. (2004). Current causes and management of violence against women in Nigeria. Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 24, 58-63. doi:10.1080/01443610310001620314
Altman, D. G. (1991). Practical statistics for medical research. London, UK; Chapman & Hall.
Altman, D. G. (1982). How large a sample? In S. M. Gore, & D. G. Altman (Eds.), Statistics in practice. London: British Medical Association.
American Medical Association (1992). Diagnostic and treatment guidelines on domestic violence. Archives of Family Medine, 1, 39-47.
Brottsf?rebygande R?det (BR?) (2009). V?ld mot kvinnor och m?n i n?ra relationer: V?ldets karakt?r och offrets erfarenhet av kontakter och r?ttsv?sendet. BR? Rapport, 12.
Carroll, J. B. (1957). Biquartimin criterion for rotation to oblique simple structure in factor analysis. Science, 126, 1114-1115. doi:10.1126/science.126.3283.1114
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Cronbach, L. J., & Meehl, P. C. (1955). Construct validity in psychological tests. Psychological Bulletin, 52, 281-302. doi:10.1037/h0040957
Erikson, M. J., Hill, T. D., & Siegal, R. M. (2001). Barriers to domestic violence screening in the padiatric setting. Pediatrics, 108, 98-102. doi:10.1542/peds.108.1.98
Fawole, O. I., Aderonmu, A. L., & Fawole, A. O. (2005). Intimate partner abuse: Wife beating among civil servants in Ibadan, Nigeria. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 9, 54-64. doi:10.2307/3583462
Feldhaus, K. M., Kozio-Mclain, J., Amsbury, H. L., Norton, I. M., Lowenstein, S. R., & Abbott, J. T. (1997). Accuracy of 3 brief screening questions for detecting partner violence in the emergency department. Journal of American Medical Association, 277, 13571361. doi:10.1001/jama.277.17.1357
Field, A. E., Aneja, P., & Rosner, B. (2007). The validity of self-reported weight change among adolescents and young adults. Obesity, 15, 2357-2367. doi:10.1038/oby.2007.279
Garcia-Morena, C., Jansen, H., Ellsberg, M., Heise L., & Watts, C. (2005). WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence against women: Initial results prevalence, health outcomes and women’s responses. Geneva: WHO.
Golding, J. (1999). Intimate partner violence as a risk factor for mental disorders: A meta-analysis. Journal of Family Violence, 14, 99-132. doi:10.1023/A:1022079418229
Harris, J. M., Kutob, R. M., Surprenant, Z. J., Maiuro, R. D., & Delate, T. A. (2002). Can Internet-based education improve physician confidence in dealing with domestic violence? Family Medicine, 34, 287-292.
Heise, L., & Garcia-Moreno, C. (2002). Violence by intimate partners. In E. Krug, L. L. Dahlberg, & J. A. Mercy et al. (Eds.), World report on violence and health. Geneva: WHO.
John, I. A., Lawoko, S., Svanstr?m, L., & Mohammed, A. Z. (2010). Health care providers readiness to screen for intimate partner violence in Northern Nigeria. Violence and Victims, 25, 689-704. doi:10.1891/0886-6708.25.5.689
John, I. A., & Lawoko, S. (2010). Assessment of the structural validity of the domestic violence healthcare providers’ survey questionnaire: Using a Nigerian sample. Journal of Injury and Violence Research, 2, 75-83. doi:10.5249/jivr.v2i2.41
John, I. A., Lawoko, S., & Oluwatosin, A. (2011). Acceptance of screening for intimate partner violence, actual screening and satisfaction with care amongst female clients visiting a health facility in Kano, Nigeria. African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine, 3, 6.
Kishor, S., & Johnson, K. (2004). Profiling violence: A multi-country study. Measures DHS, 53-63.
Koenig, M. A., Ahmed, S., Hossain, M. B., & Khorshed, A. B. (2003). Women’s status and domestic violence in rural Bangladesh: Individual and community-level effects. Demography, 40, 269-288. doi:10.1353/dem.2003.0014
Koss, M. (1990). The women’s mental health research agenda: Violence against women. American Psychologist, 45, 374-380. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.45.3.374
Lawoko, S., Sanz, S., Helstrom, L., & Castren, M. (2012). Assessing the structural and concurrent validity of a shortened version of the domestic violence healthcare providers’ survey questionnaire for use in Sweden. Psychology, 3, 183-191.
Maiuro, R. D., Vitaliano, P. P., Sugg, N. K., Thompson, D. C., Rivara, F. P., & Thompson, R. S. (2000). Development of a health care provider survey for domestic violence: psychometric properties. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 19, 245-252. doi:10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00230-0
McFarlane, J., Parker, B., Soeken, K., & Bullock, L. (1992). Assessing for abuse during pregnancy. Severity and frequency of injuries and associated entry into prenatal care. Journal of American Medical Association, 267, 3176-3178. doi:10.1001/jama.267.23.3176
Nunnaly, J. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Petersen, R., Gazmararian, J., & Clark, K. (2001). Partner violence. Implications for health and community settings. Women’s Health Issues, 11, 116-125. doi:10.1016/S1049-3867(00)00093-1
Rodríguez, M. A., Bauer, H. M., McLoughlin, E., & Grumbach, K. (1999). Screening and intervention for intimate partner abuse: Practices and attitudes of primary care physicians. Journal of American Medical Association, 282, 468-474. doi:10.1001/jama.282.5.468
Roelens, K., Verstraelen, H., Van Egmond, K., & Temmerman, M. (2006). A knowledge, attitudes and practice survey among obstetrician-gynaecologists on intimate partner violence in Flanders, Belgium. BMC Public Health, 6, 238. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-6-238
Short, L. M., Alpert, E., Harris, J. M., & Surprenant, Z. J. (2006). A tool for measuring physician readiness to manage intimate partner violence. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 30, 173-180. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2005.10.009
Sohal, H., Eldridge, S., & Feder, G. (2007). The sensitivity and specificity of four questions (HARK) to identify intimate partner violence: A diagnostic accuracy study in general practice. BMC Family Practice, 8, 49.
Streiner, D. L., & Norman, G. R. (1989). Health measurement scales a practical guide to their development and use. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc.
Thompson, R. S., Rivara, F. P., Thompson, D. C. et al. (2000). Identification and management of domestic violence—A randomized trial. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 19, 253-263. doi:10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00231-2
Thorndike, R. M., Cunningham, G. K., Thorndike, R. K., & Hagen, E. P. (1991). Measurement and evaluation in psychology and education (5th ed.). New York: Macmillan.
Tjaden, P., & Thoennes, N. (2000). Extent, nature, and consequences of intimate partner violence: Findings from the national violence against women survey. Washington DC: Department of Justice (US).
Tolman, R., & Rosen, D. (2001). Domestic violence in the lives of women receiving welfare. Violence against Women, 7, 141-158. doi:10.1177/1077801201007002003
World Health Organisation (2005). WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence against women. Geneva: WHO.