Energy demand-supply mechanism with the load shape for both residential and commercial buildings in the Province of Ontario and Nigeria is studied with demand side monitoring of energy consumption. Thermal and electrical loads are characterized by certain predictor variables, including the consumers’ behavioural pattern, power ratings of energy appliances and weather conditions. The proposed bottom-up approach is capable of providing low-volume electricity and natural gas consumers, in a fully deregulated energy market, with competitive energy saving advantage, based on corrective monitoring of independent users’ demand loads. Special application of the bottom-up model-based facility characterization of demands for thermal comfort and indoor air qualityin a developing energy sector like Nigeria enables the development of planning tool for the proposed integration of renewable power systems. The developed DSMonitor TM app is capable of deploying an effective smart grid technology tool towards an improved building energy demand-supply balance at the individual end-user level.
E. O. B. Ogedengbe, Z. A. Adem, D. Kraehling and A. Mathur, “Demand Side Monitoring with Solar PV-Based Renewable Energy Supply to Commercial Sectors,” 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 6CV.1.16, PV Taking-Off: Large Scale Deployment, Hamburg, 5-9 September 2011.
H. Lund, A. Marszal and P. Heiselberg, “Zero Energy Buildings and Mismatch Compensation Factors,” Energy and Buildings, Vol. 43, No. 7, 2011, pp. 1646-1654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.03.006
W. Wang, Y. Xu and M. Khanna, “A Survey on the Communication Architecture in Smart Grid,” Computer Networks, Vol. 55, No. 15, 2011, pp. 3604-3629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2011.07.010
N. C. Nair and L. Zhang, “SmartGrid: Future Networks for New Zealand Power Systems Incorporating Distributed Generation,” Energy Policy, Vol. 37, No. 9, 2009, pp. 3418-3427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.03.025
R. B. Hiremath, B. Kumar, P. Balachandra and N. H. Ravindranath, “Bottom-Up Approach for Decentralised Energy Planning: Case Study of Tumkur District in India,” Energy Policy, Vol. 38, No. 2, 2010, pp. 862-874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.10.037
P. Denholm and R. M. Margolis, “Evaluating the Limits of Solar Photovoltaics (PV) in Traditional Electric Power Systems,” Energy Policy, Vol. 35, No. 5, 2007, pp. 28522861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2006.10.014
A. A. Solomon, D. Faiman and G. Meron, “An EnergyBased Evaluation of the Matching Possibilities of Very Large Photovoltaic Plants to the Electric Grid: Israel as a Case Study,” Energy Policy, Vol. 38, No. 10, 2010, pp. 5457-5468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.12.024
D. Butler, “Surplus Power Costs Ontarians $35M,” Ottawa Citizen, Monday, A1, 25 July 2011.
IEA DSM Task XVI, “Competitive Energy Services (Energy-Contracting, ESCo Services),” Final Task Report, Phase 1, 2006-2009, Graz, 2010.
E. O. B. Ogedengbe and G. F. Naterer, “Finite Volume Computations of Convective Exergy Losses in Microfluidic Devices,” International Journal of Exergy, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2008, pp. 117-131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJEX.2008.016670
E. O. B. Ogedengbe and M. A. Rosen, “Electro-Kinetic Pumping with Slip Irreversibility in Heat Exchange of CSP-Powered Bio-Digester Assemblies,” Entropy 2012, Special Issues of Exergy: Analysis and Applications, Vol. 14, No. 12, 2012, pp. 2439-2455.
M. Filippi, “Linee di Ricerca per una Procedura Finalizzata alla Certificazione Energetica Degli Edifici,” Ingegneri Torino, Technical Review of the Engineer Association of the District of Torino, Vol. 1, 2005, p. 47.
M. Caldera, S. P Corgnati and M Filippi, “Energy Demand for Space Heating through a Statistical Approach: Application to Residential Buildings,” Energy and Buildings, Vol. 40, 2008, pp. 1972-1983.
S. Schiavon and A. K. Melicov, “Energy Saving and Improved Comfort by Increased Air Movement,” Energy and Buildings, Vol. 40, No. 10, 2008, pp. 1954-1960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2008.05.001
E. O. B. Ogedengbe, “Thermal Management with SolidFluid Slip Irreversibility Treatment in Conjugate Devices,” Journal of Thermodynamics, Vol. 2009, 2009, Article ID: 176495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/176495
E. O. B Ogedengbe, M. A. Rosen and G. F. Naterer, “Slip-Flow Irreversibility of Dissipative Kinetic and Internal Energy Exchange in Microchannels,” Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, Vol. 16, No. 10, 2006, pp. 2167-2176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/16/10/033
E. O. B. Ogedengbe, R. U. Eteure and M. A. Rosen, “A Modified PMV Model for Indoor Thermal Comfort Analysis: Case Study of a University Cafeteria,” The Open Renewable Energy Journal, 2013, under review.
E. O. B. Ogedengbe and G. F. Naterer, “Convective Flux Dependence on Upstream Flow Directionality in Finite Volume Computations,” Numerical Heat Transfer A, Vol. 51, No. 7, 2007, pp. 617-633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10407780600939651
Ontario EBT Working Group, “Electronic Business Transaction Standard Document for Retail Settlement in the Electric Retail Open Access Industry,” Version 3, February 2005.
Ontario EBT Working Group, “EBT Data Transport Protocol,” Version 3, February 2005.
P. Sakulpipatsin, L. C. M. Itard, H. J. Van der Kooi, E. C. Boelman and P. G. Luscuere, “An Exergy Application for Analysis of Buildings and HVAC Systems,” Energy and Buildings, Vol. 42, No. 1, 2010, pp. 90-99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2009.07.015
E. O. B. Ogedengbe, D. Kraehling and Z. A. Adem, “Demand Side Monitoring of Energy Systems in Ontario’s Residential and Commercial Sectors,” 9th Annual International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, AIAA 2011-5871, San Diego, 31 July-3 August 2011.
J. Widen, A. M. Nilsson and E. Wackelgard, “A Combined Markov-Chain and Bottom-Up Approach to Modelling of Domestic Lighting Demand,” Energy and Buildings, Vol. 41, No. 10, 2009, pp. 1001-1012.
I. Sartori, B. J. Wachenfeldt and H. G. Hestnes, “Energy Demand in the Norwegian Building Stock: Scenarios of Potential Reduction,” Energy Policy, Vol. 37, No. 5, 2009, pp. 1614-1627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.031
S. K. Aggarwal, L. M. Saini and A. Kumar, “Electricity Price Forecasting in Deregulated Markets: A Review and Evaluation,” Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 31, No. 1, 2009, pp. 13-22.