As a developing nation, Bangladeshi people had to work during lockdown which is the result of a sudden outbreak of COVID-19. It creates different problems in day to day life of common people. The present study, therefore, attempts to understand the socio-economic crisis and mental stress in managing the family within the limited resources of Bangladesh during the lockdown period. The data was collected via a snowball sampling survey method by using a semi-structured questionnaire. Datasets were analyzed through different statistical tools like mean, standard deviation, and percentage. Research shows that female and aged people are much anxious about being affected. Petty business runners are much worried about their basic earning. Affording food to a family within a foreseeable economic crisis, brunt from job loss, the propensity of commodity’s high price, wariness for child’s academic career through e-learning led people distressed. Insomnia, fatigue, helplessness, distress are notable problems during the time of lockdown. Research finds that mental pressure results from insufficient sleep are creating short temper and chaos in the family and social life also. Strengthening the medical system, creating mass consciousness, implicating time-oriented policy with psycho-social upshots can mitigate the fragility of psychological stress.
Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C.-Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8
Alam, A. (2020a). The Growing Mania of the Youth to Commit Suicide. http://www.theindependentbd.com/post/252051
Alam, M. F. (2020b). Covid-19 Situation Is on the Rise in Rajshahi. https://lifeissimplebd.blogspot.com/2020/07/covid19-news-in-rajshahi.html
Applegate, W. B., & Ouslander, J. G. (2020). COVID-19 Presents High Risk to Older Persons. Journal of the. American Geriatrics Society, 68, 681-681. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16426
Ara, T., Rahman, M., Hossain, M., & Ahmed, A. (2020). Identifying the Associated Risk Factors of Sleep Disturbance during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Bangladesh: A Web-Based Survey. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 966. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.580268
Asmundson, G. J., & Taylor, S. (2020). Coronaphobia: Fear and the 2019-nCoV Outbreak. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 70, Article ID: 102196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102196
Bahrami, F., & Yousefi, N. (2011). Females Are More Anxious than Males: A Meta Cognitive Perspective. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, 5, 83-90.
Banna, M. H. A., Sayeed, A., Kundu, S., Christopher, E., Hasan, M. T., Begum, M. R., Khan, M. S. I. et al. (2020). The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of the Adult Population in Bangladesh: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2020.1802409
Bass, J. K., Bornemann, T. H., Burkey, M., Chehil, S., Chen, L., Copeland, J. R., Patel, V. et al. (2012). A United Nations General Assembly Special Session for Mental, Neurological, and Substance Use Disorders: The Time Has Come. PLoS Medicine, 9, e1001159. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001159
Benke, C., Autenrieth, L. K., Asselmann, E., & Pané-Farré, C. A. (2020). Lockdown, Quarantine Measures, and Social Distancing: Associations with Depression, Anxiety and Distress at the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic among Adults from Germany. Psychiatry Research, 293, Article ID: 113462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113462
Bhuiyan, A. I., Sakib, N., Pakpour, A. H., Griffiths, M. D., & Mamun, M. A. (2020). COVID-19-Related Suicides in Bangladesh Due to Lockdown and Economic Factors: Case Study Evidence from Media Reports. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00307-y
Bodrud-Doza, M., Shammi, M., Bahlman, L., Islam, A. R. M., & Rahman, M. (2020). Psychosocial and Socio-Economic Crisis in Bangladesh Due to COVID-19 Pandemic: A Perception-Based Assessment. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 341. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00341
Bradshaw, S. (2015). Engendering Development and Disasters. Disasters, 39, S54-S75. https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12111
Bradshaw, S., & Fordham, M. (2015). Double Disaster: Disaster through a Gender Lens. In Hazards, Risks and Disasters in Society (pp. 233-251). Cambridge, MA: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-396451-9.00014-7
Capuano, R., Altieri, M., Bisecco, A., d’Ambrosio, A., Docimo, R., Buonanno, D., Gallo, A. et al. (2020). Psychological Consequences of COVID-19 Pandemic in Italian MS Patients: Signs of Resilience? Journal of Neurology, 268, 743-750. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-33259/v1
Casagrande, M., Favieri, F., Tambelli, R., & Forte, G. (2020). The Enemy Who Sealed the World: Effects Quarantine Due to the COVID-19 on Sleep Quality, Anxiety, and Psychological Distress in the Italian Population. Sleep Medicine, 75, 12-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2020.05.011
Dalla, C., Antoniou, K., Drossopoulou, G., Xagoraris, M., Kokras, N., Sfikakis, A., & Papadopoulou-Daifoti, Z. (2005). Chronic Mild Stress Impact: Are Females More Vulnerable? Neuroscience, 135, 703-714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.06.068
Depoux, A., Martin, S., Karafillakis, E., Preet, R., Wilder-Smith, A., & Larson, H. (2020). The Pandemic of Social Media Panic Travels Faster than the COVID-19 Outbreak. https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa031
Di Blasi, M., Gullo, S., Mancinelli, E., Freda, M. F., Esposito, G., Gelo, O. C. G., Coco, G. L. et al. (2021). Psychological Distress Associated with the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Two-Wave Network Analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 284, 18-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.016
Dubey, S., Biswas, P., Ghosh, R., Chatterjee, S., Dubey, M. J., Chatterjee, S., Lavie, C. J. et al. (2020). Psychosocial Impact of COVID-19. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 14, 779-788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.035
Edelson, P. J., & Phypers, M. (2011). TB Transmission on Public Transportation: A Review of Published Studies and Recommendations for Contact Tracing. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 9, 27-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2010.11.001
Every-Palmer, S., Jenkins, M., Gendall, P., Hoek, J., Beaglehole, B., Bell, C., Stanley, J. et al. (2020). Psychological Distress, Anxiety, Family Violence, Suicidality, and Wellbeing in New Zealand during the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Cross-Sectional Study. PLoS ONE, 15, e0241658. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241658
Fancourt, D., Steptoe, A., & Bu, F. (2021). Trajectories of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms during Enforced Isolation Due to COVID-19 in England: A Longitudinal Observational Study. The Lancet Psychiatry, 8, 141-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30482-X
Ferdous, M. Z., Islam, M. S., Sikder, M. T., Mosaddek, A. S. M., Zegarra-Valdivia, J. A., & Gozal, D. (2020). Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding COVID-19 Outbreak in Bangladesh: An Online-Based Cross-Sectional Study. PLoS ONE, 15, e0239254. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239254
Fontanesi, L., Marchetti, D., Mazza, C., Di Giandomenico, S., Roma, P., & Verrocchio, M. C. (2020). The Effect of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Parents: A Call to Adopt Urgent Measures. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12, S79-S81. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000672
Gambin, M., Sekowski, M., Wozniak-Prus, M., Wnuk, A., Oleksy, T., Cudo, A., Maison, D. et al. (2021). Generalized Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Various Age Groups during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Poland. Specific Predictors and Differences in Symptoms Severity. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 105, Article ID: 152222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152222
Gao, W., Ping, S., & Liu, X. (2020). Gender Differences in Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among College Students: A Longitudinal Study from China. Journal of Affective Disorders, 263, 292-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.121
García-Fernández, L., Romero-Ferreiro, V., López-Roldán, P. D., Padilla, S., & Rodriguez-Jimenez, R. (2020). Mental Health in Elderly Spanish People in Times of COVID-19 Outbreak. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28, 1040-1045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.06.027
Ho, C. S., Chee, C. Y., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Mental Health Strategies to Combat the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 beyond Paranoia and Panic. Annals of the Academy of Medicine of Singapore, 49, 1-3. https://doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.202043
ILO Bangladesh (2020). Informal Economy in Bangladesh. https://www.ilo.org/dhaka/Areasofwork/informal-economy/lang--en/index.htm
Islam, M. S., Tusher, T. R., Roy, S., & Rahman, M. (2020). Impacts of Nationwide Lockdown Due to COVID-19 Outbreak on Air Quality in Bangladesh: A Spatiotemporal Analysis. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00940-5
Islam, S. D. U., Bodrud-Doza, M., Khan, R. M., Haque, M. A., & Mamun, M. A. (2020). Exploring COVID-19 Stress and Its Factors in Bangladesh: A Perception-Based Study. Heliyon, 6, e04399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04399
Kamruzzaman, M. (2020). Coronavirus: Poor Income Drops 80% in Bangladesh. Dhaka: BRAC Institute of Governance and Development.
Kazmi, S. S. H., Hasan, K., Talib, S., & Saxena, S. (2020). COVID-19 and Lockdown: A Study on the Impact on Mental Health. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3577515
Khan, H. R., Howlader, T., & Islam, M. M. (2020). Battling the COVID-19 Pandemic: Is Bangladesh Prepared? https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.29.20084236
Kotov, R., Foti, D., Li, K., Bromet, E. J., Hajcak, G., & Ruggero, C. J. (2016). Validating Dimensions of Psychosis Symptomatology: Neural Correlates and 20-Year Outcomes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125, 1103. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000188
Limcaoco, R. S. G., Mateos, E. M., Fernandez, J. M., & Roncero, C. (2020). Anxiety, Worry and Perceived Stress in the World Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic, March 2020. Preliminary Results. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.03.20043992
Mahmud, F. (2020). Coronavirus: In Dense Bangladesh, Social Distancing a Tough Task. Aljazeera, March, 20.
Mamun, M. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). First COVID-19 Suicide Case in Bangladesh Due to Fear of COVID-19 and Xenophobia: Possible Suicide Prevention Strategies. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, Article ID:102073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102073
Mannan, D. K. A., & Mannan, K. A. (2020). Knowledge and Perception towards Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Bangladesh. International Research Journal of Business and Social Science, 6, 76-87. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3576523
Marelli, S., Castelnuovo, A., Somma, A., Castronovo, V., Mombelli, S., Bottoni, D., Ferini-Strambi, L. et al. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Sleep Quality in University Students and Administration Staff. Journal of Neurology, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-10056-6
Meher, S., Ranjan, A., Tamgire, L., & Shukla, P. (2020). “It Is Lockdown But Homes Are Not Closed. Income Has Been Shut Down But Expenses Continue”: Impact of Lockdown Due to COVID-19 on the Livelihood of Street Vendors in Maharashtra.
Mihashi, M., Otsubo, Y., Yinjuan, X., Nagatomi, K., Hoshiko, M., & Ishitake, T. (2009). Predictive Factors of Psychological Disorder Development during Recovery Following SARS Outbreak. Health Psychology, 28, 91. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013674
Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A. (2020). Assessing the Anxiety Level of Iranian General Population during COVID-19 Outbreak. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, Article ID: 102076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102076
Moser, C. (2012). Gender Planning and Development: Theory, Practice and Training. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203411940
Mucci, F., Mucci, N., & Diolaiuti, F. (2020). Lockdown and Isolation: Psychological Aspects of COVID-19 Pandemic in the General Population. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 17, 63-64.
Mucci, N., Giorgi, G., Roncaioli, M., Perez, J. F., & Arcangeli, G. (2016). The Correlation between Stress and Economic Crisis: A Systematic Review. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 12, 983. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S98525
Musselwhite, C., Avineri, E., & Susilo, Y. (2020). Editorial JTH 16—The Coronavirus Disease COVID-19 and Implications for Transport and Health. Journal of Transport & Health, 16, Article ID: 100853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2020.100853
Naser, A. Y., Dahmash, E. Z., Al-Rousan, R., Alwafi, H., Alrawashdeh, H. M., Ghoul, I., Alyami, H. S. et al. (2020). Mental Health Status of the General Population, Healthcare Professionals, and University Students during 2019 Coronavirus Disease Outbreak in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Brain and Behavior, 10, e01730. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1730
Pappa, S., Ntella, V., Giannakas, T., Giannakoulis, V. G., Papoutsi, E., & Katsaounou, P. (2020). Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Insomnia among Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 88, 901-907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026
Parvin, R. A. (2020). Indian Economic Slowdown: A Review of Challenges to Lift and Prospects to Grab. https://dailyasianage.com/news/237864/indian-economic-slowdown-a-review-of-challenges-to-lift-and-prospects-to-grab
Paules, C. I., Marston, H. D., & Fauci, A. S. (2020). Coronavirus Infections—More than Just the Common Cold. JAMA, 323, 707-708. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.0757
Rahman, M. M., Bodrud-Doza, M., Shammi, M., Islam, A. R. M. T., & Khan, A. S. M. (2021). COVID-19 Pandemic, Dengue Epidemic, and Climate Change Vulnerability in Bangladesh: Scenario Assessment for Strategic Management and Policy Implications. Environmental Research, 192, Article ID: 110303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110303
Raihan, S. (2020). COVID-19’s Effect on Poverty and Policy Response in Bangladesh. SANEM Thinking Aloud, 7, 1. https://sanemnet.org/sanemafeefcontainer/uploads/2020/06/Thinking-Aloud_V7_N1.pdf
Rossi, R., Socci, V., Talevi, D., Mensi, S., Niolu, C., Pacitti, F., Di Lorenzo, G. et al. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown Measures Impact on Mental Health among the General Population in Italy. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 790. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00790
Roy, D., Tripathy, S., Kar, S. K., Sharma, N., Verma, S. K., & Kaushal, V. (2020). Study of Knowledge, Attitude, Anxiety & Perceived Mental Healthcare Need in Indian Population during COVID-19 Pandemic. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, Article ID: 102083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102083
Sahin, A. R., Erdogan, A., Agaoglu, P. M., Dineri, Y., Cakirci, A. Y., Senel, M. E., & Tasdogan, A. M. (2020). 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak: A Review of the Current Literature. EJMO, 4, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.14744/ejmo.2020.12220
Shammi, M., Bodrud-Doza, M., Islam, A. R. M. T., & Rahman, M. M. (2020). Strategic Assessment of COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh: Comparative Lockdown Scenario Analysis, Public Perception, and Management for Sustainability. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 1-44. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202004.0550.v1
Stemple, L., Karegeya, P., & Gruskin, S. (2016). Human Rights, Gender, and Infectious Disease: From HIV/AIDS to Ebola. Human Rights Quarterly, 38, 993. https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2016.0054
The University of Auckland, New Zealand (2020). Major Study Out on Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown. https://www.auckland.ac.nz/en/news/2020/04/21/major-study-out-on-effects-of-covid-19-lockdown.html
Tsujiuchi, T., Yamaguchi, M., Masuda, K., Tsuchida, M., Inomata, T., Kumano, H., Mollica, R. F. et al. (2016). High Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Relation to Social Factors in Affected Population One Year after the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster. PLoS ONE, 11, e0151807. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151807
WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard, 2021. https://covid19.who.int/?gclid=CjwKCAjwx6WDBhBQEiwA_dP8rZ36ZrjFtZ-62xA2iWsim0wjkaF3qln062gBpcSS3Ku0dworsAmX9BoC4c4QAvD_BwE
World Health Organization (2020a). Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): Situation Report 3.
World Health Organization (2020b). WHO Director-General’s Opening Remarks at the Media Briefing on COVID-19-11 March 2020.
Worldometer (2021). Coronavirus Cases in Bangladesh. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/bangladesh
WPA (2020). World Psychiatry, 19, 129-140. https://theworlddignityproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/World-Psychiatry_June-2020_sm.pdf
Yeasmin, S., Banik, R., Hossain, S., Hossain, M. N., Mahumud, R., Salma, N., & Hossain, M. M. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Children in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study. Children and Youth Services Review, 117, Article ID: 105277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105277