Lumbar Synovial Cyst, Literature Review: Challenges of the Surgical Management, the Role of Minimal Invasive Techniques and Endoscopy — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Lumbar Synovial Cyst, Literature Review: Challenges of the Surgical Management, the Role of Minimal Invasive Techniques and Endoscopy
Neurosurgery Department, Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
,
Orthopedy Department, Centro Universitário Cova de Beira, Covilhã, Portugal
The management of symptomatic lumbar synovial cysts is still a challenge and a matter of debate with no existing strong consensus. There are different treatment techniques and strategies, the most debated matter is to fuse or not t o fuse, efficiency of less invasive techniques. One of our purposes wa s to provide an updated review of a literature about treatment of juxta facet synovial cysts and as standard surgical strategies are inconsistent, we present a small series of patients treated using different approaches, most of them were treated with MISS techniques, endoscopy, providing good results.
Khan, A.M. and Girardi, F. (2006) Spinal Lumbar Synovial Cysts. Diagnosis and Management Challenge. European Spine Journal,, 15, 1176-1182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-005-0009-4
Ruiz-Picazo, D., Ramírez-Villaescusa, J. and Verdejo-González, A. (2020) An Unusual Case of Radicular Pain Caused by Bilateral Lumbar Synovial Cyst: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Reports in Orthopedics, 2020, Article ID: 8821332. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8821332
Kemaloglu, S., Nas, K., Gur, E., Burte, Y., Ceviz, A. and Ozkan, U. (2001) Synovial Cyst at the Intervertebral Foramina Causing Lumbar Radiculopathy. Spinal Cord, 39, 399-401. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.sc.3101170
Wei, Z.R., Lin, Q., Zhang, H., Zhang, H.Y., Ma, X.X. and Wang, C. (2023) A Rare Gas-Containing Lumbar Synovial Cyst Treated by Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Cystectomy: A Case Report and Literature Review. Frontiers in Surgery, 10, Article ID: 1095572. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2023.1095572
Bodian, C., Davis, J. and Hadlow, A. (2018) Traumatic Haemorrhagic Lumbar Synovial Facet Cyst Presenting as Bilateral Foot Drop: A Case Report. New Zealand Medical Journal, 131, 62-64. https://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Xu, R.S., Solakoglu, C., Maleki, Z., McGirt, M.J., Gokaslan, Z.L. and Bydon, A. (2011) Hemorrhagic Synovial Cyst: The Possible Role of Initial Trauma and Subsequent Microtrauma in Its Pathogenesis: Case Report. Neurosurgery, 68, E858-E865. https://doi.org/10.1227/NEU.0b013e3182080127
Shekhrajka, N., Modi, K.A., de Vatwani, S. and Iversen, J.K. (2013) Lumbo-Sacral Synovial Cyst of the Spine.
Kalevski, S.K., Haritonov, D.G. and Peev, N.A. (2014) Lumbar Intraforaminal Synovial Cyst in Young Adulthood: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Global Spine Journal, 4, 191-195. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1370694
Shah, R.V. and Lutz, G.E. (2003) Lumbar Intraspinal Synovial Cysts: Conservative Management and Review of the World’s Literature. The Spine Journal, 3, 479-488. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1529-9430(03)00148-7
Reust, P., Wendling, D., Lagier, R., Pageaut, G., Reverdin, A., Jacquet, G., et al. (1988) Degenerative Spondylolisthesis, Synovial Cyst of the Zygapophyseal Joints, and Sciatic Syndrome: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature. Arthritis & Rheumatology, 31, 288-294. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.1780310220
Ganau, M., Ennas, F., Bellisano, G., Ganau, L., Ambu, R., Faa, G. and Maleci, A. (2013) Synovial Cysts of the Lumbar Spine—Pathological Considerations and Surgical Strategy. Neurologia Medico-Chirurgica (Tokyo), 53, 95-102. https://doi.org/10.2176/nmc.53.95
Khan, A.M., Synnot, K., Cammisa, F.P. and Girardi, F.P. (2005) Lumbar Synovial Cysts of the Spine: An Evaluation of Surgical Outcome. Journal of Spinal Disorders & Techniques, 18, 127-131. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.bsd.0000156830.68431.70
Banning, C.S., Thorell, W.E. and Leibrock, L.G. (2001) Patient Outcome after Resection of Lumbar Juxtafacet Cysts. Spine, 26, 969-972. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200104150-00024
Epstein, N.E. (2004) Lumbar Synovial Cysts: A Review of Diagnosis, Surgical Management, and Outcome Assessment. Journal of Spinal Disorders & Techniques, 17, 321-325. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.bsd.0000096267.75190.eb
Ramieri, A., Domenicucci, M., Seferi, A., Paolini, S., Petrozza, V. and Delfini, R. (2006) Lumbar Hemorrhagic Synovial Cysts: Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, and Treatment. Report of 3 Cases. Surgical Neurology, 65, 385-390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surneu.2005.07.073
Denis, D.R., Hirt, D., Shah, S., Lu, D.C. and Holly, L.T. (2016) Minimally Invasive Surgery for Lumbar Synovial Cysts with Coexisting Degenerative Spondylolisthesis. International Journal of Spine Surgery, 10, 37. http://ijssurgery.com/content/10/37 https://doi.org/10.14444/3037
de Andrade, E.M.F., Alves, R.V., Fiore, M.E., de Araújo Jr., A.B., Montanaro, A.C. and Godoy, R. (2010) Spinal Synovial Cysts Causing Neurological Deficit. Report of Two Distinct Cases. J Bras Neurocirurg, 21, 126-129.
Bydon, A., Xu, R., Parker, S.L., et al. (2010) Recurrent Back and Leg Pain and Cyst Reformation after Surgical Resection of Spinal Synovial Cysts: Systematic Review of Reported Postoperative Outcomes. The Spine Journal, 10, 820-826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2010.04.010
Charest, D.R. and Kenny, B.G. (2000) Radicular Pain Caused by Synovial Cyst: An Undiagnosed Entity in the Elderly? Journal of Neuroinflammation (Spine), 92, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.3171/spi.2000.92.1.0057
Modic, M.T., Ross, J.S., Obuchowski, N.A. and Kara, H.B. (1995) Contrast-Enhanced MR Imaging in Acute Lumbar Radiculopathy: A Pilot Study of the Natural History. Neuroradiology, 195, 429-435. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.195.2.7724762
Benato, A., Menna, G., Rapisarda, A., Polli, F.M., D’Ercole, M., Izzo, A., D’Alessandris, Q.G. and Montano, N. (2023) Decompression with or without Fusion for Lumbar Synovial Cysts—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12, 2664. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12072664
Shah, R.V. and Lutz, G.E. (2003) Lumbar Intraspinal Synovial Cysts: Conservative Management and Review of the World’s Literature. The Spine Journal, 3, 479-488. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1529-9430(03)00148-7
Baker, W.M. (1885) The Formation of Abnormal Synovial Cysts in Connection with the Joints. II. Saint Bartholomew’s Hospital Reports, London, Vol. 21, 177-190.
Hsu, K.Y., et al. (1995) Lumbar Intraspinal Synovial and Ganglion Cysts (Facet Cysts). Ten-Year Experience in Evaluation and Treatment. Spine, 20, 80-89. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199501000-00015
Slipman, C.W., et al. (2000) Nonsurgical Treatment for Radicular of Pain of Zygapophyseal Joint Cyst Origin: Therapeutic Selective Nerve Root Block. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 81, 1119-1122. https://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2000.0810001
Sauvage, P., et al. (2000) Lumbar Intraspinal Synovial Cysts: Imaging and Treatment by Percutaneous Injection. Report of Thirteen Cases. Journal of Radiology, 81, 33-38.
Parlier-Cuau, C., et al. (1999) Symptomatic Lumbar Facet Joint Synovial Cysts: Clinical Assessment of Facet Joint Steroid Injection after 1 and 6 Months and Long-Term Follow-Up in 30 Patients. Radiology, 210, 509-513. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.210.2.r99fe60509
Abrahams, J.J., et al. (1988) CT-Guided Needle Aspiration Biopsy of an Intraspinal Synovial Cyst (Ganglion): Case Report and Review of the Literature. AJNR American Journal of Neuroradiology, 9, 398-400.
Bjorkengren, A.G., et al. (1987) Symptomatic Intraspinal Synovial Cysts: Opacification and Treatment by Percutaneous Injection. AJR American Journal of Roentgenology, 149, 105-107. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.149.1.105
Sabo, R.A., Tracey, P.T. and Weinger, J.M. (1996) A Series of 60 Juxtafacet Cysts: Clinical Presentation, the Role of Spinal Instability, and Treatment. Journal of Neurosurgery, 85, 560-565. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1996.85.4.0560
Xu, R., McGirt, M.J., Parker, S.L., et al. (2010) Factors Associated with Recurrent Back Pain and Cyst Recurrence after Surgical Resection of One Hundred Ninety-Five Spinal Synovial Cysts: Analysis of One Hundred Sixty-Seven Consecutive Cases. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 35, 1044-1035. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20173680 https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181bdafed
Wun, K., Hashmi, S.Z., Maslak, J., et al. (2019) The Variability of Lumbar Facet Joint Synovial Cyst Recurrence Requiring Revision Surgery after Decompression-Only and Decompression/Fusion. Clinical Spine Surgery, 32, 457-461. https://doi.org/10.1097/BSD.0000000000000870
Kim, H.S., Singh, R., Adsul, N., Bang, J.S., Park, C.H. and Jang, I.T. (2019) Full Endoscopic Treatment of Unusual Spontaneous Degenerative Epidural Cyst: A Case Report. Surgical Neurology International, 10, 58. https://doi.org/10.25259/SNI-175-2019
Trummer, M., Flaschka, G., Tillich, M., et al. (2001) Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Intraspinal Synovial Cysts: Report of 19 Cases. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 70, 74-77. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.70.1.74
Lyons, M., Atkinson, J.D., Wharen, R.E., et al. (2000) Surgical Evaluation and Management of Lumbar Synovial Cysts: The Mayo Clinic Experience. Journal of Neurosurgery, 93, 53-57. https://doi.org/10.3171/spi.2000.93.1.0053
Rosenstock, T. and Vajkoczy, P. (2020) New Classification of Facet Joint Synovial Cysts. Acta Neurochirurgica, 162, 929-936. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-020-04264-2
Bruder, M., Cattani, A., Gessler, F., Droste, C., Setzer, M., Seifert, V. and Marquardt, G. (2017) Synovial Cysts of the Spine: Long-Term Follow-Up after Surgical Treatment of 141 Cases in a Single-Center Series and Comprehensive Literature Review of 2900 Degenerative Spinal Cysts. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, 27, 256-267. https://doi.org/10.3171/2016.12.SPINE16756
Giordan, E., Gallinaro, P., Stafa, A., Canova, G., Zanata, R., Marton, E. and Verme, J.D. (2022) A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Outcomes and Adverse Events for Juxtafacet Cysts Treatment. International Journal of Spine Surgery, 16, 124-138. https://doi.org/10.14444/8181
Campbell, R.J., Mobbs, R.J., Rao, P.J. and Phan, K. (2017) Interventions for Lumbar Synovial Facet Joint Cysts: A Comparison of Percutaneous, Surgical Decompression and Fusion Approaches. World Neurosurgery, 98, 492-502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2016.11.044
Page, P.S., Burkett, D.J., Greeneway, G.P. and Resnick, D.K. (2021) Comparison of Decompression versus Decompression and Fusion for Lumbar Synovial Cysts and Predictive Factors for Cyst Recurrence. World Neurosurgery, 146, e378-e383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.10.097
Manuel, S.J., Fourman, M.S., Phil, M., Lovecchio, F., Lyons, K.W. and Farmer, J.C. (2022) Acute Development of Spinal Lumbar Synovial Facet Cyst within 1 Week after Lumbar Decompression: Illustrative Case. Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons, 3, CASE2226. https://doi.org/10.3171/CASE2226
Lalanne, L.B., Carmona, R.L., Totera, J.I.C., Lemos, F.A., Wilson, J.T.M. and Montoya, A.M.B. (2022) Surgically Managed Symptomatic Intraspinal Lumbar Facet Synovial Cyst Outcome of Surgical Treatment with Resection and Instrumented Posterolateral Fusion, a Case Series. BMC Surgery, 22, Article No. 277. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12893-022-01712-x
Bruder, M., Cattani, A., Gessler, F., Droste, C., Setzer, M., Seifert, V. and Marquardt, G. (2017) Synovial Cysts of the Spine: Long-Term Follow-Up after Surgical Treatment of 141 Cases in a Single-Center Series and Comprehensive Literature Review of 2900 Degenerative Spinal Cysts. Journal of Neurosurgery, Spine, 27, 256-267. https://doi.org/10.3171/2016.12.SPINE16756
Ewald, C. and Kalff, R. (2005) Resolution of a Synovial Cyst of the Lumbar Spine without Surgical Therapy—A Case Report. Zentralblatt fur Neurochirurgie, 66, 147-151. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-836475
Sinha, P., Panbehchi, S., Lee, M.-T., et al. (2016) Spontaneous Resolution of Symptomatic Lumbar Synovial Cyst. Journal of Surgical Case Reports, 2016, rjw166. https://doi.org/10.1093/jscr/rjw166
Pulhorn, H. and Murphy, M. (2012) Spontaneous Resolution of a Symptomatic Synovial Cyst of the Lumbar Spine. British Journal of Neurosurgery, 26, 123-124. https://doi.org/10.3109/02688697.2011.595847
Denis, D.R., Hirt, D., Shah, S., et al. (2016) Minimally Invasive Surgery for Lumbar Synovial Cysts with Coexisting Degenerative Spondylolisthesis. International Journal of Spine Surgery, 10, 37. https://doi.org/10.14444/3037
Ishii, K., Matsumoto, M., Watanabe, K., et al. (2004) Endoscopic Resection of Cystic Lesions in the Lumbar Spinal Canal: A Report of Two Cases. Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, 48, 240-243. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-870927
Wu, H.H., Wang, G.C., Sun, L.W., Chang, K.S., Yang, J.S., Chu, L., et al. (2019) Symptomatic Lumbar Juxtafacet Cyst Treated by Full Endoscopic Surgery. World Neurosurgery, 130, e598-e604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2019.06.168
Kim, H.S., Sharma, S.B. and Raorane, H.D. (2019) How I Do It? Transforaminal Endoscopic Decompression of Intraspinal Facet Cyst. Acta Neurochirurgica (Wien), 161, 1895-1900. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-019-03995-1