Pediatric Trauma in Cameroon: Prevalence, Clinical Patterns, and Outcomes in Three Referral Hospitals

Abstract

Background: Trauma is a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In Cameroon, pediatric trauma has not been adequately described. Objective: To assess the prevalence, clinical patterns, and outcomes of pediatric trauma in three referral hospitals in Cameroon. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional review was conducted between January 2019 and December 2021 at Douala General Hospital, Laquintinie Hospital Douala, and Buea Regional Hospital. Children aged 0 - 18 years admitted with trauma-related conditions were included. Data on demographics, mechanisms of injury, clinical presentations, and outcomes were analyzed using SPSS v25. Results: Of 10,539 pediatric admissions, 537 (39.8% of surgical cases; 5.1% overall) were trauma-related. Boys predominated (67.5%), with a male-to-female ratio of 2:1. The most affected age group was 6 - 12 years (29.5%). Road traffic accidents (42.4%) and falls (31.2%) were the main causes. The most frequent clinical presentations were limb pain/swelling (49.7%) and wounds (28.5%). The main lesions were fractures (46.1%) and head injuries (34.5%). Complications occurred in 12.6% of patients, and overall mortality was 5.2%, reaching 54.5% among severe head trauma. Conclusion: Pediatric trauma constitutes a major health burden in Cameroon, dominated by road traffic accidents and falls. Mortality remains high, especially for severe head injuries. Strengthening preventive strategies, referral systems, and trauma care is essential to reduce mortality.