Anatomical Reconsideration of the Lateral Collateral Ligament in the Human Knee: Anatomical Observation and Literature Review — Oak Academic Publishing
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Anatomical Reconsideration of the Lateral Collateral Ligament in the Human Knee: Anatomical Observation and Literature Review
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
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Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
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Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
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Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
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Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
1 Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
4 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
5 Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
In the published literature as well as in the most commonly used textbooks, the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) is described as having 1 attachment at the lateral epicondyle of the femur and another at the head of the fibula. In this article, we reconsider the attachments, the length of the LCL, and the tissues surrounding the LCL by presenting our anatomical observations and by reviewing the literature. Our results have shown that the LCL is not only attached to the lower part of the lateral epicondyle of the femur, but also extends to the upper part of the lateral epicondyle. The attachment of the LCL on the fibula is enclosed by 2 insertion points of the biceps femoris tendon. The average length of the LCL in 71 knees was 51.4 mm. There is an “incomplete gap” on the LCL that is interrupted under the tendon of the biceps femoris.
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