Objective: In order to evaluate the effects of Ankaferd blood stopper (ABS) on post-excisional burn wound bleeding via monitoring early blood hemoglobin level changes and to make a comparison with a standart topical treatment, a controlled experimental study was conducted. Design and Interventions: A contact burn model of full-thickness injury with 30% TBSA was used. Following the burn injury, excisions of burned areas were done at postburn 48th hour. 24 male Spraque Dawley rats were divided into control, adrenaline, ABS-solution and ABS-pad treatment groups. In control group no treatment was done for bleeding, but the other three groups had topical treatments. Samples were taken at the begining of the study, just before and 1 hour after the burn wound excisions for measurement of haemoglobine (Hb) levels and additionally the external bleeding amounts were measured by weighing the topical pads. Measurements and main results: Baseline Hb levels of control, adrenaline, ABS-solution and ABS-pad treatment groups were 15.06 ± 0,83, 15,82 ± 0.83, 16.23 ± 1.14 and 15.16 ± 1.46 respectively. At the 48th hour of postburn injury, the Hb levels of these groups were 13.82 ± 0.58, 13.68 ± 1.26, 13.79 ± 0.90 and 13.57 ± 0.89. Mean blood loss amounts (ml) after burn wound excisions in groups were 1.44 ± 0.26, 0.65 ± 0.07, 0.53 ± 0.08 and 0.44 ± 0.09. Conclusions: ABS was found to be as effective as topical adrenaline on reducing excisional bleeding in the experimental burn injury model.
M. J. Jankiewicz, “Consensus Summary on Excisional Therapy,” In: G. T. Shires, E. A. Black, Eds., Proceedings of the NIH Consensus Development Conference in Supportive Therapy in Burn Care, Journal of Trauma, Vol. 19, Sup. 11, 1979, pp. 933-934.
W. L. Garner, P. D. Thomson, N. P. Moore, et al., “Effect of Triglycyl-Lysine-Vasopressin on Skin Blood Flow and Blood Loss during Wound Excision in Patients with Burns,” Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation, Vol. 14, No. 4, 1993, pp. 458-460. doi:10.1097/00004630-199307000-00011
B. S. Brezel, K. E. McGreever, J. M. Stein, et al., “Epinephrine V Thrombin for Split Thickness Donor Site Haemostasis,” Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation, Vol. 8, No. 2, 1987, pp. 132-134. doi:10.1097/00004630-198703000-00009
D. M. Heimbach and L. H. Engrav, “Surgical Management of the Burn Wound,” Raven Press, New York, 1984.
H. C. Firat, O. Ozdemir, A. Kosar, H. Goker and I. C. Haznedaroglu, “Annual Review of Ankaferd 08-09,” Naviga Scientific Publications, Istanbul, 2009, pp. 13-15.
B. Bruns, M. Lindsey, K. Rowe, S. Brown, J. P. Minei, L. M. Gentilello and S. Shafi, “Haemoglobin Drops within Minutes of Injuries and Predicts Need for an Intervention to Stop Hemorrhage,” Journal of Trauma, Vol. 63, No. 2, 2007, pp. 312-315. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e31812389d6
A. J. Singer, S. A. McClain, B. R. Taira, A. Romanov, J. Rooney and T. Zimmerman, “Validation of a Porcine Comb Burn Model,” American Journal of Emergency Medicine, Vol. 27, No. 3, March 2009, pp. 285-288. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2008.02.019
R. Nobel-Adams, “Dehydration, Subcutaneous Fluid Administration,” British Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 4, No. 9, 1995, pp. 488-494.
D. E. Smith, J. B. Blumberg and R. D. Lipman, “Improved Survival Rates in Mice that Received Prophylactic Fluids after Carcinogen Treatment,” American Association for Laboratory Animal Science, Vol. 38, No. 1, 1999, pp. 84-86.
B. H. Doell, “Hegarty. The Haemoglobin Concentration of Peripheral and Central Blood of the Laboratory Rat,” Vol. 18, No. 5, 1970, pp. 503-510.
V. Fairbanks and G. G. Klee, “Biochemical Aspescts of Haematology, In: C. A. Burtis and E. R. Ashwood, Eds, Tietz of Clinical Chemistry, Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 1994, pp. 2010-2021.
K. N. Foster, H. Kim, K. Potter, M. R. Matthews, M. Pressman and D. M. Carusso, “Aquired Factor V Deficiency Associated with Exposure to Bovine Thrombin in a Burn Patient,” Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation, Vol. 31, No. 2, 2010, pp. 353-360. doi:10.1097/BCR.0b013e3181d0f5b4
G. P. Fraga, V. Bansal and R. Coimbra, “Transfusion of Blood Products in Trauma: An Update,” Journal of Emergency Medicine, Vol. 39, No. 2, 2010, pp. 253-260. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2009.02.034
L. Kahalley, A. R. Dimick and R. W. Gillespie, “Methods to Diminish Intraoperative Blood Loss,” Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation, Vol. 12, No. 2, 1991, pp. 160-161. doi:10.1097/00004630-199103000-00015
R. L. Sheridan and S. K. Szyfelbein, “Staged High-Dose Epinephrine Clysis is Safe and Effective in Extensive Tangential Burn Excisions in Children,” Burns, Vol. 25, No. 8, 1999, pp. 745-748. doi:10.1016/S0305-4179(99)00088-1
R. D. Robertson, P. Bond, B. H. Wallace, K. Shewmake and J. B. Cone, “An Analysis of the Tumescent Technique in Tangential Excision and Autografting,” Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation, Vol. 18, No. 1, Part 3, 1997, p. S152.
M. Gomez, S. Logsetty and J. S. Fish, “Reduced Blood Loss during Burn Surgery,” Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation, Vol. 22, No. 2, 2001, pp. 111-117. doi:10.1097/00004630-200103000-00005
A. A. Papp, A. V. Uusaro and E. T. Ruokonen, “The Effects of Topical Epinephrine on Haemodynamics and Markers of Tissue Perfusion in Burned and Non-Burned Patients Requiring Skin Grafting,” Burns, Vol. 35, No. 6, 2009, pp. 832-839. doi:10.1016/j.burns.2008.10.001
B. Z. Haznedaroglu, I. C. Haznedaroglu, S. L. Walker, H. Bilgili, H. Goker, A. Kosar, A. Aktas, O. Captug, M. Kurt, O. Ozdemir, S. Kirazli and H. C. Firat, “Ultrastructural and Morphological Analyses of the in vitro and in vivo Hemostatic Effects of Ankaferd Blood Stopper,” Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, Vol. 16, No. 4, 2010, pp. 446-453. doi:10.1177/1076029609343706
H. Bilgili, A. Kosar, M. Kurt, I. K. Onal, H. Goker, O. Captug, A. Shorbagi, M. Turgut, M. Kekilli, O. K. Kurt, S. Kirazli, S. Aksu and I. C. Haznedaroglu, “Hemostatic Efficacy of Ankaferd Blood Stoper in a Swine Bleeding Model,” Medical Principles and Practice, Vol. 18, No. 3, 2009, pp. 165-169. doi:10.1159/000204344
E. Huri, T. Akgül, A. Ayyildiz, H. Ustün and C. Germiyano?lu, “Hemostatic Role of a Folkloric Medicinal Plant Extract in a Rat Partial Nephrectomy Model: Controlled Experimental Trial,” Journal of Urology, Vol. 181, No. 5, 2009, pp. 2349-2354. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2009.01.016
M. Kurt, I. Oral, M. Akdogan, N. Kekilli, M. Arhan, A. Say?l?r, E. Oztas and I. C. Haznedaroglu, “Ankaferd Blood Stopper for Controlling Gastrointestinal Bleeding Due to Distinct Bening Lesions Refraftory to Conventional Antihemorrhagic Measures,” Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 24, No. 6, 2008, pp. 380-384.
B. Al, C. Y?ld?r?m, M. Cavdar, S. Zengin, H. Buyukaslan and M. E. Kalender, “Effectiveness of ABS in the Topical Active Bleeding Due to Cutaneous-Subcutaneous Incisions,” Saudi Medicine Journal, Vol. 30, No. 12, 2009, pp. 1520-1525.
A. Karaman, E. Torun, S. Gursoy, A. Yurci and O. Ozbakir, “Efficacy of Ankaferd Blood Stopper in Postpolypectomy Bleeding,” Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, Vol. 16, No. 10, 2010, pp. 1027-1028. doi:10.1089/acm.2010.0089
M. Kurt, S. Di?ibeyaz, M. Akdo?an, N. Sasmaz, S. Aksu and ?. C. Haznedaro?lu, “Endoscopic Application of ABS as a Novel Experimental Modality for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Case Report,” American Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 103, No. 8, August 2008, pp. 2156- 2158. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.01982_15.x
M. Ib?s, M. Kurt, ?. K. Onal, M. Kekilli and ?. C. Haznedaro?lu, Succesfull Management of Bleeding Due to Solitary Rectal Ulcer via Topical Application of ABS,” Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, Vol. 14, No. 9, 2008, pp. 1073-1074. doi:10.1089/acm.2008.0314
R. Gurfinkel, A. J. Singer, E. Cagnano and L. Rosenberg, “Development of a Novel Animal Burn Model Using Radiant Heat in Rats and Swine,” Academic Emergency Medicine, Vol. 17, No. 5, 2010, pp. 514-520. doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2010.00736.x
N. Akkoc, M. Akcelik, I. Haznedaroglu, H. Goker, S. Aksu, S. Kirazli and H. Firat, “In vitro Anti-Bacterial Activities of Ankaferd Blood Stopper,” International Journal of Laboratory Hematology, Vol. 30, Sup. 1, 2008, p. 95.
N. Akkoc, M. Akcelik, I. Haznedaroglu, H. Goker, M. Turgut, S. Aksu, S. Kirazli and H. C. Firat, “In Vitro Antibacterial Activities of Ankaferd Medicinal Plant Extract,” Türkiye Klinikleri t?p Bilimleri Dergisi, Vol. 29, No. 2, 2009, pp. 410-415.
Z. Saribas, B. Sener, I. C. Haznedaroglu, G. Hascelik, S. Kirazli and H. G?ker, “Antimicrobial Activity of Ankaferd Blood StopperA (R) against Nosocomial Bacterial Pathogens,” Central European Journal of Medicine, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2010, pp. 198-202. doi:10.2478/s11536-009-0140-4
S. C. Isler, S. Demircan, S. Cakaner, Z. Cebi, C. Keskin, M. Soluk and E. Yuzbasioglu, “Effects of Folkloric Medicinal Plant Extract Ankaferd Blood Stopper on Early Bone Healing,” Journal of Applied Oral Science, Vol. 18, No. 4, 2010, pp. 409-414.
E. Ozaslan, G. Purnak, G. Ozy?g?t, F. Akyol, A. Y?ld?z and I. C. Haznedaroglu, “No Prolonged Effect of ABS on Chronic Radiation Proctitis,” Endoscopy, Vol. 42, Sup. 2, 2010, pp. E271-272.
E. Ozaslan, T. Purnak, A. Y?ld?z, T. Akar, U. Avc?oglu and I. C. Haznedaroglu, “The Effect of ABS on Severe Radiation Colitis,” Endoscopy, Vol. 41, Sup. 2, 2009, pp. E321-E322.
N. Turhan, M. Kurt, A. Shobagi, M. Akdogan and I. C. Haznedaroglu, “Topical Ankaferd Blood Stopper Administration to Bleeding Gastrointestinal Carcinomas Decreases Tumor Vascularisation,” American Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 104, No. 11, 2009, pp. 2874-2877. doi:10.1038/ajg.2009.431
H. S. Cipil, A. Kosar, A. Kaya, B. Uz, I. C. Haznedaroglu, H. Goker, O. Ozdemir, M. Koroglu, S. Kirazli and H. C. Firat, “In vivo Hemostatic Effect of the Medicinal Plant Extract Ankaferd Blood Stopper in Rats Pretreated with Warfarin,” Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, Vol. 15, No. 3, 2009, pp. 270-276. doi:10.1177/1076029608329578
A. Kosar, H. S. Cipil, A. Kaya, B. Uz, I. C. Haznedaroglu, H. Goker, O. Ozdemir, S. Ercetin, S. Kirazli and H. C. Firat, “The Efficacy of Ankaferd Blood Stopper in Antithrombotic Drug-Induced Primary and Secondary Hemostatic Abnormalities of a Rat-Bleeding Model,” Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis, Vol. 20, No. 3, 2009, pp. 185-190. doi:10.1097/MBC.0b013e32831c4cb0
E. K?l?c, D. U. Cetinkaya, I. Haznedaroglu, M. Turgut, S. Aksu, S. Kirazl? and H. Goker, “The Effects of Ankaferd Blood Stopper on in vitro Mesenchymal Stem Cell Development,” Proceedings of 34th National Congress of Hametology Cesme Izm?r, Turkey, 8-11th October 2008, No. B065.
T. Niemi, T. Svartling, M. Syrjala, S. Asko-Seljavaara and P. Rosenberg, “Haemostatic Disturbances in Burned Patients during Early Excision and Skin Grafting,” Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis, Vol. 9, No. 1, 1998, pp. 19-28. doi:10.1097/00001721-199801000-00003
H. Goker, I. C. Haznedaroglu, S. Ercetin, S. Kirazli, U. Akman, Y. Ozturk and H. C. Firat, “Hemostatic Actions of Folkloric Medicinal Plant Extract Ankaferd Blood Stopper,” Journal of International Medical Researsh, Vol. 36, No. 1, 2008, pp. 163-170.
T. Purnak, E. Ozaslan, Y. Beyaz?t and I. C. Haznedaroglu, “Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in a Patient with Defective Hemostasis Succesfully Treated with Ankaferd Blood Stopper,” Phytotherapy Research, 30 July 2010, Epublication.
A. C. Ucar, U. Cal?skan, I. C. Haznedaroglu and H. Goker, “Hemostatic Actions of the Folkloric Medicinal Plant extract Ankaferd Blood Stopper,” Journal of International Medical Research, Vol. 36, No. 1, 2008, pp. 163-170.
G. Lippi, L. Ippolito and G. Cervellin, “Disseminated Intravacular Cougulation in Burn Injury,” Seminer Thromb Hemost, Vol. 36, No. 4, 2010, pp. 429-436. doi:10.1055/s-0030-1254051
J. P. Barret and P. A. Gomez, “Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy: A Rare Entity in Burn Injury,” Burns, Vol. 31, No. 3, 2005, pp. 354-357. doi:10.1016/j.burns.2004.11.006