Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is considered as the gold standard diagnostic test for the diagnosis of solitary thyroidnodules (STN). Aim : To compare the accuracy of FNAC in diagnosis of thyroid nodules in Al Khor community hospital versus th at of tertiary hospital (Hamad General Hospital) in Qatar. Methods: Retrospective , descriptive and comparative study of 320 patients of any age group and both sex es who have thyroid nodules and are subjected to surgical treatment [160 patients from Al Khor community hospital (group A) and 160 patients from Hamad General Hospital (group B)] during the period from May 2005 to Dec 2012. Each group was subdivided into free hand FNAC (done by physicians) and ultrasonography guided FNAC. All samples were prepared in the same histopathology laboratory and interpreted by the same histopathology team. Results: Free hand FNAC in group A and group B achieved a sensitivity of (10% vs. 50%), specificity of 93% in both groups, positive predictive value of (25% vs. 17%), negative predictive value of (82% vs. 98%), and a total accuracy of (82% vs. 94%) respectively , while US guided FNAC in group A and group B achieved a sensitivity of (10% vs. 86%), specificity of (98% vs. 94%), positive predictive value of (50% vs. 60%), negative predictive value of (86% vs. 98%), and a total accuracy of (85% vs. 97%) respectively. Conclusion: The overall accuracy of FNAC of STN in tertiary hospital was better than community hospital. More training is required for community hospital staff.
S. A. Roman, “Endocrine Tumors. Evaluation of Thyroid Nodule,” Current Opinion in Oncology, Vol. 15, No. 1, 2003, pp. 66-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001622-200301000-00010
H. K. Zygnunt, “The Thyroid Gland and Thyroglossal Tract: Short Practice of Surgery,” 24th Edition, Arnold, London, 2004, pp. 784-786.
P. Caruso and E. L. Muzzaferri, “Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy in the Management of Thyroid Nodules,” Endocrinology, Vol. 1, 1991, pp. 194-202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019616-1991 06000-00009
U. Handa, S. Garg, H. Mohan and N. Nagarkar, “Role of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Lesions: A Study on 434 Patients,” Journal of Cytology, Vol. 25, No. 1, 2008, pp. 13-17.
M. Amrikachi, I. Ramzy, S. Rubenfeld and T. M. Wheeler, “Accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration of Thyroid: A Review of 6226 Cases and Correlation with Surgical and Clinical Outcome,” Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Vol. 125, 2001, pp. 484-488.
N. Coorough, K. Hudak, D. Buehler, S. Selvaggi, R. Sippel and H. Chen, “Fine Needle Aspiration of the Thyroid: A Contemporary Experience of 3981 Cases,” Journal of Surgical Research, Vol. 170, No. 1, 2011, pp. 48-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2011.02.048
P. W. Wiest, M. F. Hartshorne and P. D. Inskip, “Thyroid Palpation versus High-Resolution Thyroid Ultrasonography in the Detection of Nodules,” Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, Vol. 17, No. 8, 1998, pp. 487-496.
K. M. Clary, J. L. Condell and Y. Liu, “Interobserver Variability in the Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy Diagnosis of Follicular Lesions of the Thyroid Gland,” Acta Cytologica, Vol. 49, No. 4, 2005, pp. 378-382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000326169
H. Galera-Davidson, “Diagnostic Problems in Thyroid Fine Needle Aspirations,” Diagnostic Cytopathology, Vol. 17, No. 6, 1997, pp. 422-428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0339 (199712)17:6 3.0.CO;2-A
Z. W. Baloch, M. J. Sack, G. H. Yu, V. A. Livolsi and P. K. Gupta, “Fine Needle Aspiration of Thyroid an Institutional Experience,” Thyroid, Vol. 8, No. 7, 1998, pp. 565-569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ thy.1998.8.565
E. S. Cibas and E. Z. Ali, “The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology,” Thyroid, Vol. 19, No. 11, 2009, pp. 1159-1165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/thy.2009.0274
E. Saggiorato, P. R. De and M. Volante, “Characterization of Thyroid ‘Follicularneoplasms’ in Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytological Specimens Using a Panel of Immunohistochemical Markers: A Proposal for Clinical Application,” Endocrine-Related Cancer, Vol. 12, No. 2, 2005, pp. 305-317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/erc.1.00944
E. A. Sinna and N. Ezzat, “Diagnostic Accuracy of fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Thyroid Lesions,” Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute, Vol. 24, No. 2, 2012, pp. 63-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnci.2012.01.001
H. A. Nggada, A. B. Musa, B. M. Gali and M. I. Khalil, “Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Thyroid Nodule(s): A Nigerian Tertiary Hospital Experience,” Internet Journal of Pathology, 2006. www.Ispub.com/ostia/index.Php/ijpa
D. C. Howlett, B. Harper, M. Quante, A. Berresford, M. Morley, J. Grant, et al., “Diagnostic Adequacy and Accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Neck Lump Assessment: Results from a Regional Cancer Network Over a One Year Period,” Journal of Laryngology & Otology, Vol. 121, No. 6, 2007, pp. 571-579.
K. Jarvi, R. Mokka and M. Vorne, “Problems of Cancer Diagnosis in Thyroid Nodules,” Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica, Vol. 154, 1988, pp. 93-96.
P. Perros, Ed., “British Thyroid Association, Royal College of Physicians. Guidelines for the Management of Thyroid Cancer,” Report of the Thyroid Cancer Guidelines Update Group, 2nd Edition, Royal College of Physicians, London, 2007.
B. Degirmenci, A. Haktanir, R. Albayrak, M. Acar, D. A. Sahin, O. Sahin, A. Yucel and G. Caliskan, “Sonographically Guided Fine-Needle Biopsy of Thyroid Nodules: The Effects of Nodule Characteristics, Sampling Technique, and Needle Size on the Adequacy of Cytological Material,” Clinical Radiology, Vol. 62, No. 8, 2007, pp. 798-803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2007.01.024
M. R. Castro and H. Gharib, “Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy: Progress, Practice, and Pitfalls,” Endocrine Practice, Vol. 9, No. 2, 2003, pp. 128-136. http://dx.doi.org/10.4158/EP.9.2.128
M. Gupta, S. Gupta and V. B. Gupta, “Correlation of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology with Histopathology in the Diagnosis of Solitary Thyroid Nodule,” Journal of Thyroid Research, 2010, Article ID: 379051. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/379051
B. Mundasad, I. Mcallister, J. Carson and P. Pyper, “Accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Diagnosis of Thyroid Swellings,” The Internet Journal of Endocrinology, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2006.
M. Radetic, Z. Kralj and I. Padovan, “Reliability of Aspiration Biopsy in Thyroid Nodes: Study of 2190 Operated Patients,” Tumori, Vol. 70, No. 3, 1984, pp. 271-276.
D. C. Howlett, B. Harper, M. Quante, A. Berresford, M. Morley and J. Grant, “Diagnostic Adequacy and Accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Neck Lump Assessment: Results from a Regional Cancer Network over a One Year Period,” Journal of Laryngology and Otology, Vol. 121, No. 6, 2007, pp. 571-579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022215106004944
S. A. Kantasueb, K. O. Sukpan and P. O. Mahanupab, “The Study of Thyroid Lesions and the Correlation between Histological and Cytological Findings,” Chiang Mai Medical Journal, Vol. 49, No. 3, 2010, pp. 105-110.
A. Bartolazzi, A. Gasbarri and M. Papotti, “Application of an Immunodiagnostic Method for Improving Preoperative Diagnosis of Nodular Thyroid Lesions,” Lancet, Vol. 357, No. 9269, 2001, pp. 1644-1650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04817-0
C. Cappelli, I. Pirola, D. Cumetti, L. Micheletti, A. Tironi, E. Gandossi, E. Martino, L. Cherubini, B. Agosti, M. Castellano, C. Mattanza and E. A. Rosei, “Is the Anteroposterior and Transverse Diameter Ratio of Nonpalpable Thyroid Nodules a Sonographic Criteria for Recommending Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology?” Clinical Endocrinology, Vol. 63, No. 6, 2005, pp. 689-693.
M. Bouvet, J. I. Feldman and G. N. Gill, “Surgical Management of the Thyroid Nodule: Patient Selection Based on the Results of Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology,” Laryngoscope, Vol. 102, No. 12, 1992, pp. 1353-1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1288/00005537-199212000-00008
J. Cap, A. Ryska, P. Rehorkova, E. Hovorkova, Z. Kerekes and D. Pohnetalova, “Sensitivity and Specificity of the Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy of the Thyroid: Clinical Point of View,” Clinical Endocrinology, Vol. 51, No. 4, 1999, pp. 509-515.
S. N. Pinchot, H. Al-Wagih, S. Schaefer, R. Sippel and H. Chen, “Accuracy of Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy for Predicting Neoplasm or Carcinoma in Thyroid Nodules 4 cm or Larger,” Archives of Surgery, Vol. 144, No. 7, 2009, pp. 649-655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.2009.116
X. J. Cai, N. Valiyaparambath, P. Nixon, A. Waghorn, T. Giles and T. Helliwell, “Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Nodules,” Cytopathology, Vol. 17, No. 5, 2006, pp. 251-256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2303.2006.00397.x
T. Yokozawa, S. Fukata and K. Kuma, “Thyroid Cancer Detected by Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy,” World Journal of Surgery, Vol. 20, No. 7, 1996, pp. 848-853, Discussion 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002689900129
L. F. Morris, N. Ragavendra and M. W. Yeh, “Evidence-Based Assessment of the Role of Ultrasonography in the Management of Benign Thyroid Nodules,” World Journal of Surgery, Vol. 32, No. 7, 2008, pp. 1253-1263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00268-008-9494-z
B. T. Torres, G. M. Castro, L. I. Cucalón, B. C. Santaren, J. De Diego and R. E. Larreina, “The Accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Thryroid Nodule Study, in a Tertiary Hospital,” Endocrine Abstracts, Vol. 22, 2010, p. 834.
D. W. Kim, H. J. Choo, J. S. Park, E. J. Lee, S. H. Kim, S. J. Jung and J. H. Ryu, “Ultrasonography-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology for Thyroid Nodules: An Emphasis on One-Sampling and Biopsy Techniques,” Diagnostic Cytopathology, Vol. 40, Suppl. 1, 2012, pp. E48-E54. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1002/dc.21669