Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the presence of bacteriostatic effects of hyaluronan-based bioresorbable membrane (HA/CMC) on selected major bacterial strains in digestive organs. Methods: We firstly evaluated the growth inhibition effect of HA/CMC for <i>E. coli </i>and <i>S. aureus</i> by determining the optical density (OD)<sub>650</sub> in the incubation medium. At second, to determine the viable counts of bacteria, total adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were measured with five groups; several concentrations of HA/CMC and control. Results: OD curve gradually elevated and reached to plateau at 4 hours in <i>E. coli.</i> and 6 hours in <i>S. aureus</i>. After reaching plateau, the growth inhibition of both strains was statistically significantly correlated to the concentrations of HA/CMC. The ATP productions had statistically significant differences at 6 hours after incubation and inhibited in dose-dependence of a well-dissolved HA/CMC. Conclusion: HA/CMC may have dose-dependently bacteriostatic effects on <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>E. coli</i>.
J. M. Becker, M. T. Dayton, V. W. Fazio, D. E. Beck, S. J. Stryker, S. D. Wexner, et al., “Prevention of Postoperative Abdominal Adhesions by a Sodium Hyaluronate-Based Bioresorbable Membrane: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Multicenter Study,” Journal of the American College of Surgeons, Vol. 183, No. 4, 1996, pp. 297-306.
Y. Mohri, K. Uchida, T. Araki, Y. Inoue, H. Tonouchi, C. Miki, et al., “Hyaluronic Acid-Carboxycellulose Membrane (Seprafilm?) Reduces Early Postoperative Small Bowel Obstruction in Gastrointestinal Surgery,” The American Surgeon, Vol. 71, No. 10, 2005, pp. 861-863.
M. Kusunoki, H. Ikeuchi, H. Yanagi, M. Noda, H. Tonouchi, Y. Mohri, et al., “Bioresorbable Hyaluronate-Carboxymethylcellulose Membrane (Seprafilm) in Surgery for Rectal Carcinoma: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial,” Surgery Today, Vol. 35, No. 11, 2005, pp. 940-945. doi:10.1007/s00595-005-3061-0
M. Inoue, K. Uchida, C. Miki and M. Kusunoki, “Efficacy of Seprafilm for Reducing Reoperative Risk in Pediatric Surgical Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery,” Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Vol. 40, No. 8, 2005, pp. 1301-1306. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2005.05.015
P. J. Klingler, N. R. Floch, M. H. Seelig, S. A. Branton, J. T. Wolfe and P. P. Metzger, “Seprafilm-Induced Peritoneal Inflammation: A Previously Unknown Complication―Report of a Case,” Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, Vol. 42, No. 12, 1999, pp. 1639-1643. doi:10.1007/BF02236221
F. H. Remzi, M. Oncel, J. M. Church, A. J. Senagore, C. P. Delaney and V. W. Fazio, “An Unusual Complication after Hyaluronate-Based Bioresorbable Membrane (Seprafilm) Application,” The American Surgeon, Vol. 69, No. 4, 2003, pp. 356-357.
A. O. Tzianabos, R. L. Cisneros, J. Gershkovich, J. Johnson, R. J. Miller, J. W. Burns, et al., “Effect of Surgical Adhesion Reduction Devices on the Propagation of Experimental Intra-Abdominal Infection,” Archives of Surgery, Vol. 134, No. 11, 1999, pp. 1254-1259. doi:10.1001/archsurg.134.11.1254
A. Tuzune, M. A. Kuzu, B. Akin, S. Karaca and S. Hazinedaroglu, “The Effect of Hyaluronan-Based Agents on Adhesion Formation in an Intra-Abdominal Sepsis Model,” Digestive Diseases and Sciences, Vol. 49, No. 6, 2004, pp. 1054-1061. doi:10.1023/B:DDAS.0000034571.30602.36
M. M. Reijnen, J. F. Meis, V. A. Postma and H. van Goor, “Prevention of Intra-Abdominal Abscesses and adhesions Using a Hyaluronic Acid Solution in a Rat Peritonitis Model,” Archives of Surgery, Vol. 134, No. 9, 1999, pp. 997-1001. doi:10.1001/archsurg.134.9.997
A. M. Ghellai, A. F. Stucchi, D. J. Lynch, K. C. Skinner, M. J. Colt and J. M. Becker, “Role of a Hyaluronate-Based Membrane in the Prevention of Peritonitis-Induced Adhesions,” Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Vol. 4, No. 3, 2000, pp. 310-315. doi:10.1016/S1091-255X(00)80081-5
K. Uchida, H. Urata, Y. Mohri, M. Inoue, C. Miki and M. Kusunoki, “Seprafilm Does Not Aggravate Intraperitoneal Septic Conditions or Evoke Systemic Inflammatory Response,” Surgery Today, Vol. 35, No. 12, 2005, pp. 1054-1059. doi:10.1007/s00595-005-3085-5
K. Otake, K. Uchida, S. Yoshiyama, M. Inoue, Y. Okita, H. Watanabe, et al., “Effects of a Hyaluronate-Carboxy-Methylcellulose Membrane (Seprafilm) on Human Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil Functions,” Journal of Surgical Research, Vol. 149, No. 2, 2008, pp. 243-249. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2008.01.011
J. W. Burns, M. J. Colt, L. S. Burgees and K. C. Skinner, “Preclinical Evaluation of Seprafilm Bioresorbable Membrane,” European Journal of Surgery, No. 577, 1997, pp. 40-48.
B. P. Toole, In: D. E. Hay, Ed., Cell Biology of Extracellular Matrix, Plenum Press, New York, 1991, pp. 305-341.
C. N. Bertolami, “Glycosaminoglycan Interactions in Early Wound Repair,” In: T. K. Hunt, R. B. Heppenstall, E. Pines, et al., Eds., Soft and Hard Tissue Repair, Biological and Clinical Aspects, Praeger Publishers, New York, 1984, pp. 67-97.
G. A. Carlson, J. L. Dragoo, B. Samimi, D. A. Bruckner, G. W. Bernard, M. Hedrick, et al., “Bacteriostatic Properties of Biomatrices against Common Orthopaedic Pathogens,” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Vol. 321, No. 2, 2004, pp. 472-478. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.06.165
P. Pirnazar, L. Wolinsky, S. Nachnani, S. Haake, A. Pilloni and G. W. Bernard, “Bacteriostatic Effects of Hyaluronic Acid,” Journal of Periodontology, Vol. 70, No. 4, 1999, pp. 370-374. doi:10.1902/jop.1999.70.4.370
S. C. Hubbard and J. W. Burns, “Effects of a Hyaluronan-Based Membrane (Seprafilm) on Intraperitoneally Disseminated Human Colon Cancer Cell Growth in a Nude Mouse Model,” Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, Vol. 45, No. 3, 2002, pp. 334-344. doi:10.1007/s10350-004-6178-0
H. van Goor, J. S. de Graaf, K. Kooi, W. J. Sluiter, V. J. Bom, J. van der Meer, et al., “Effect of Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator on Intra-Abdominal Abscess Formation in Rats with Generalized Peritonitis,” Journal of the American College of Surgeons, Vol. 179, No. 4, 1994, pp. 407-411.
D. I. McRitchie, D. Cummings and O. D. Rotstein, “Delayed Administration of Tissue Plasminogen Activator Reduces Intra-Abdominal Abscess Formation,” Archives of Surgery, Vol. 124, No. 12, 1989, pp. 1406-1410.
D. Foschi, L. Castoldi, E. Radaelli, P. Abelli, G. Calderini, A. Rastrelli, et al., “Hyaluronic Acid Pevents Oxygen Free-Radical Damage to Granulation Tissue: A Study in Rats,” International Journal of Tissue Reactions, Vol. 12, No. 6, 1990, pp. 333-339.
M. Akatsuka, Y. Yamamoto, K. Tobetto, T. Yasui and T. Ando, “Suppressive Effects of Hyaluronic Acid on Elastase Release from Rat Peritoneal Leucocytes,” Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Vol. 45, No. 2, 1993, pp. 110-114. doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1993.tb03693.x
D. Hiro, A. Ito, K. Matsuta and Y. Mori, “Hyaluronic Acid Is an Endogenous Inducer of Interleukin-1 Production by Human Monocytes and Rabbit Macrophages,” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Vol. 140, No. 2, 1986, pp. 715-722.
A. E. Moses, M. R. Wessels, K. Zalcman, S. Alberti, S. Natanson-Yaron, T. Menes, et al., “Relative Contributions of Hyaluronic Acid Capsule and M Protein to Virulence in a Mucoid Strain of the Group A Streptococcus,” Infection and Immunity, Vol. 65, No. 1, 1997, pp. 64-71.