Determinants of Multidimensional Poverty among the Under-Five: Illustration Based on Data from the Congo Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Determinants of Multidimensional Poverty among the Under-Five: Illustration Based on Data from the Congo Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey
Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
,
National Institute of Statistics, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
1 Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
2 National Institute of Statistics, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
This research’s objectives were to discuss the measurement of multidimensional poverty among children under five years of age and research the explanatory factors of this poverty. Using data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) carried out in 2015, a multidimensional poverty index for children under five years old was constructed using Alkire and Foster (2011) . The private dimensions of children are early childhood education, health, and sanitation. Estimates carried out show that in 2015, multidimensional poverty affected 35 percent of children under five years old in Con-go-Brazzaville. Also, the factors explaining this poverty include, among other things, the mothers’ lack of education, place of residence, the household’s standard of living, and the presence of several children in the same house-hold. The results suggest the need to redress rural areas’ disadvantages, particularly regarding access to basic social services.
KeywordsMultidimensional PovertyChildren under FiveAlkire and Foster ApproachLogit Model
Adetola, A., & Olufemi, P. (2012). Determinants of Child Poverty in Rural Nigeria: A Multidimensional Approach. Global Journal of Human Social Science, 12, 1-17.
Alkire, S., & Foster, J. (2007). Counting and Multidimensional Poverty Measurement. OPHI Working Paper 7, Oxford: Oxford University.
Alkire, S., & Foster, J. (2011). Counting and Multidimensional Poverty Measurement. Journal of Public Economics, 95, 476-487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2010.11.006
Alkire, S., & Foster, J. (2011). Understandings and Misunderstandings of Multidimensional Poverty Measurement. Journal of Economic Inequality, 9, 289-314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-011-9181-4
Alkire, S., & Jahan, S. (2018). The New Global MPI 2018: Aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals. OPHI Working Paper 121, Oxford: University of Oxford.
Alkire, S., & Santos, M. E. (2010). Acute Multidimensional Poverty: A New Index for Developing Countries. OPHI Working Paper 38, Oxford: Oxford University. (Also Published as Human Development Research Paper 2010/11) https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1815243
Alkire, S., Conconi, A., & Roche, J. M. (2013). Multidimensional Poverty Index 2013: Brief Methodological Note and Results. OPHI MPI Methodological Note: MPI 2013.
Alkire, S., Foster, J., Seth, S., Santos, M. E., Roche, J. M., & Ballon, P. (2015). Multidimensional Poverty Measurement and Analysis: A Counting Approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199689491.001.0001
Alkire, S., Kanagaratnam, U., & Suppa, N. (2019). Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2019, OPHI MPI Methodological Notes 47. Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative, Oxford: University of Oxford.
Ambapour, S. (2020). Using Multiple Correspondence Analysis to Measure Multidimensional Poverty in Congo. Journal of Data Analysis and Information Processing, 8, 241-266. https://doi.org/10.4236/jdaip.2020.84014
Ambapour, S., Okandza, J. C., & Moussana, H. (2016). Multidimensional Poverty and Fertility in Congo. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 4, 137-149. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2016.43020
Ataguba, J., Fonta, W. M., & Ichoku, H. E. (2011). The Determinants of Multidimensional Poverty in Nsukka, Nigeria. PMMA Working Paper 13, Poverty and Economic Policy Research Network (PEP). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1937721
Backiny, P. (2009). Profil et perceptions de la pauvreté en République du Congo en 2005. http://www.perspaf.org/
Bastos, A., Casaca, S., Nunes, F., & Pereirinha, J. (2009). Women and Poverty: A Gender-Sensitive Approach. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 38, 764-778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2009.03.008
Boyden, J. (2006). Young Lives Project. Concepts and Analytical Framework. Oxford: Young Lives.
De Milliano, M., & Plavgo, I. (2018). Analysing Multidimensional Child Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa: Findings Using an International Comparative Approach. Child Indicators Research, 11, 805-833. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-017-9488-1
De Neubourg, C., Chai, J., de Milliano, M., Plavgo, I., & Wei, Z. (2012). Step-by-Step Guidelines to the Multiple Overlapping Deprivation Analysis (MODA). Working Paper 2012-10, Florence: UNICEF Office of Research.
Geranda, N., Makosso, B., & Mpoue, A. B. (2008). Pauvreté multidimensionnelle des enfants et des femmes en République du Congo. Brazzaville: Rapport d’analyse, Unicef.
Gordon, D., Nandy, S., Pantazis, C., Pemberton, S., & Townsend, P. (2003). Child Poverty in the Developing World. Bristol: The Policy Press.
Kabubo-Mariara, J., Wambugu, A., & Musau, S. (2011). Multidimensional Poverty in Kenya: Analysis of Maternal and Child Wellbeing. Working Papers PMMA, PEP-PMMA. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1935594
Long, J.-S., & Freese, J. (2006). Regression Models for Categorical Dependent Variables Using Stata. College Station, TX: Stata Press.
Mboko I., S. B. (2015). Pauvreté des ménages et éducation au Congo: Application d’un modèle de comptage à partir des données du RGPH 2007. Québec: Observatoire démographique et statistique de l’espace francophone/Université Laval, 56 p. (Collection Rapport de recherche de l’ODSEF)
OPHI (2020). Global MPI Country Briefing 2020: Congo (Sub-Saharan Africa). Oxford: University of Oxford, 1-11. http://www.ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/CB_COG_2020.pdf
Ouadika, S. (2018). Analyse de la dynamique de pauvreté au Congo. Thèse de Doctorat, Brazzaville: Université Marien Ngouabi.
Ravallion, M. (2003). The Debate on Globalization, Poverty and Inequality: Why Measurement Matters. Washington, DC: Development Research Group, World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-3038
Roche, J.-M. (2009). Child Poverty Measurement: Assessment of Methods and an Application to Bangladesh. Social Indicators Research.
Roelen, K., & Gassman, F. (2008). Measuring Child Poverty and Well-Being: A Literature Review. MPRA Paper, Munich: University Library of Munich. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1105652
Roelen, K., Gassman, F., & de Neubourg, C. (2010). Child Poverty in Vietnam: Providing Insights Using a Country Specific and Multidimensional Model. Social Indicators Research, 98, 129-145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-009-9522-x
Roelen, K., Gassmann, F., & de Neubourg, C. (2012). False Positives or Hidden Dimensions—What Can Monetary and Multidimensional Measurement Tell Us about Child Poverty? Journal for International Social Welfare, 21, 393-407. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2397.2011.00836.x
Roentree, S. (1901). Poverty: A Study of Town Life. London: Macmillan.
Rutaremwa, G. (2013). Child Poverty in Uganda: Analysis of the UNHS 2009/2010 Survey. American Journal of Sociological Research, 3, 36-45.
Sen, A. (1979). Utilitarianism and Welfarism. Journal of Philosophy, 76, 463-489. https://doi.org/10.2307/2025934
UNICEF (2007). Global Study on Child Poverty and Disparities 2007-2008 Guide. New York: Global Policy Section Division of Policy and Planning.
UNICEF (2015). Millennium Development Goals. http://www.unicef.org/mdg/poverty.html
United Nations (UN) (2015). Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Wasswa, F. (2015). Multidimensional Child Poverty and Its Determinants: A Case of Uganda. Ph.D. Dissertation in Economics, Canberra: University of Canberra.
White, H., Leavy, J., & Masters, A. (2003). Comparative Perspectives on Child Poverty: A Review of Poverty Measures. Journal of Human Development, 4, 379-396. https://doi.org/10.1080/1464988032000125755