Factors Influencing Change of Smallholder Organic Horticultural Farmer Organisations under Nongovernmental Organisations in Two Selected Regions in Tanzania — Oak Academic Publishing
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Factors Influencing Change of Smallholder Organic Horticultural Farmer Organisations under Nongovernmental Organisations in Two Selected Regions in Tanzania
Department of Policy, Planning and Management, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
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Department of Policy, Planning and Management, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
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Department of Development and Strategic Studies, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro, Tanzania
1 Department of Policy, Planning and Management, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
2 Department of Policy, Planning and Management, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
3 Department of Development and Strategic Studies, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro, Tanzania
There has been the persistent failure of organic horticultural production to meet its full potential in various aspects including productivity, technological and marketing areas in various Sub Saharan countries in Africa including Tanzania. Thus, this study intended to determine whether a change of Smallholder Organic Horticultural Farmer Organisations (SOHFOs) under the local umbrella Non-governmental Organisations (NGOs)with the mandate to work within the country in coordinating SOHFOs is influenced by relational factors (their networks with other Organic Horticultural Value Chain Actors (OHVCAs)) or non-relational (other) factors. The study was conducted in Morogoro and Kilimanjaro regions in Tanzania. A study included a total of one hundred fifty nine organizations (159) that were represented with three hundred fifty one (351) respondents. From one hundred and forty nine (149) SOHFOs under local umbrella NGOs selected by simple random sampling technique and further proportionate random sampling, quantitative data were collected from two hundred and eighty nine (289) respondents and qualitative data were collected from forty four (44) SOHFOs participants. Moreover, from ten (10) managing organisations represented by eighteen (18) Key Informants qualitative data were collected. Quantitative data (relational data) were analysed using the social network analysis approach using Ghephi 0.9.2 software. For non-relational data, Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) version 21 was used whereby descriptive statistics such as measures of cen tralities (that is closeness centralities (CCs) and betweenness centralitie s (BCs)) and mean scores were used to establish some of the variables of the study. Binary logistic regression model was used to predict the factors influencing change (which is regarded as use of manure) at SOHFOs under local umbrella NG Os. Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis. Results from bi nary logistic regression model and content analysis indicate that SOHFOs un der local umbrella NGOs are experiencing change in technological area whereby, soil erosion control measures are the most used technological practice as opposed to the use of organic manure. Again, the results on predictor factors for use of manure at SOHFOs under local umbrella NGOs indicate that relational factors; that is capacity of SOHFO to access and disseminate knowled ge a nd information to other SOHFOs and to access and spread organic horticul tural products and farm inputs to other OHVCAs are the significant factors over individual organisational attribute of SOHFOs under the local umbrella NGOs in Tanzania. The study recommends policies and systems that put em phasis on relational measures for more effective organic horticultural agri culture via SOHFOs under the local umbrella NGOs in Tanzania.
KeywordsRelational Factors
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