An Evaluation of the Adverse Events Following Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Surveillance System in Zvimba District, Zimbabwe, 2020

Abstract

Background: The Adverse Events following Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Surveillance System (VMMC AESS) serves to identify adverse events (AEs) for safe provision of VMMC. In 2019, Zvimba District reported two adverse events out of 542 circumcisions translating to a 0.4% AE rate against an acceptable threshold of 2% and this is suggestive of underreporting. We evaluated the system to verify existence of underreporting of AEs, assess the surveillance system attributes and evaluate data quality. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using the updated Center for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines for surveillance system evaluation. We proportionately sampled VMMC client intake records and purposively selected health workers involved in the VMMC programme into the study. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 14 - 30 December 2020 on knowledge of the VMMC AESS among health care workers and surveillance system attributes. We used a checklist to check for data quality. Data were analysed using Epi Info 7 statistical software. Results: Of the 31 health workers that participated in the study, 21 (68%) had fair knowledge of the surveillance system. Out of 384 records reviewed, 104 had missing data on AE monitoring days 7 and 42. Sixteen (52%) of participants regarded filling AE reporting forms as difficult and the process as time-consuming. The surveillance system was not representative as only two out of eight facilities were conducting outreaches in hard-to-reach areas. Conclusion: There was possible underreporting of adverse events as about a quarter of reviewed records had missing data on AE monitoring days and the system’s performance was threatened by poor data quality and unavailability of reporting forms. The system was rendered acceptable though unstable, not representative and not simple and the health workers were not making use of the surveillance system. We recommended retraining on the surveillance system for all health care workers involved in VMMC in Zvimba District.