This paper presents a newly designed ultra-thin, lead-free, and all-inorganic solar cell structure. The structure was optimized using the SCAPS-1D simulator, i ncorporating solid-state layers arranged as n-graphene/CsSnGeI 3 / p- graphene. The objective was to investigate the potential of utilizing n-graphene as the electron transport layer and p-graphene as the hole transport layer to ach ieve maximum power conversion efficiency. Various materials for th e electron transport layer were evaluated. The optimized cell structure achieved a maximum power conversion efficiency of 20.97%. The proposed solar cell structure demonstrates promising potential as an efficient, inorganic photovoltaic device. These findings provide important insights for developing and optimizing inorganic photovoltaic cells based on CsSnGeI 3 , with n-graphene electron transport layers and p-graphene hole transport layers.
KeywordsPerovskite Solar CellsEfficiency GainCsSnGeI<sub>3</sub>Solar CellsGraphene DopingPhotovoltaicsThin-Film Solar CellsEnergy Conversion
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